主格是指名词的语法的格。主格通常表示主格在拉丁语和古英语中都有。现在的英语中仍然存在于与宾格相反的主格代名词:I(宾格为me)、you(宾格为you)、we(宾格为us)、he(宾格为him)、she(宾格为her)it(宾格为it)以及they(宾格为them)。古英语的用法包括ye(宾格为you)以及单数第二人称代词thou(宾格为thee)。
宾格(accusative case;objective case;casus accusativus)表示一个动词直接宾语的名词或一个前置词的宾语。人称代词里的:主格放在句首做主语和表语,宾格放在句末或句中做动词和介词的宾语.打个比方,主人邀代词不能作表语,必须用名词,因此在这个句子中,代词做了一定的变形,也就是你现在要学的名词性物主代词。
形物代也是一样的,就是能当形容词用的代词请宾客,主格就像主人,宾格就像宾客。主格在动词前面,宾格在动词或介词后面。英语中的人称代词(Personal Pronouns)有主格、宾格和之分,如:I, me, my ; he, him, his ; they, them,their等。顾名思义,主格(The nominative case)用作主语,宾格(The objective case)用作宾语,所有格(The possessive case)则表示所有之物。在实际运用中,主格和宾格代词有时会混淆。
主格:I , you, he, she, it, we, they.
宾格:me, you, him, her, it, us, them.
所有格:mine, your, his, her, its, ours, theirs.
人称代词里的:主格放在句首做主语和表语,宾格放在句末或句中做动词和介词的宾语.
打个比方,主人邀请宾客,主格就像主人,宾格就像宾客。
主格在动词前面,宾格在动词或介词后面。
英语中的人称代词(Personal
Pronouns)有主格、宾格和之分,
如:
I,
me,
my
;
he,
him,
his
;
they,
them,their等。
顾名思义,主格(The
nominative
case)用作主语,宾格(The
objective
case)用作宾语,所有格(The
possessive
case)则表示所有之物。
在实际运用中,主格和宾格代词有时会混淆。
下面是常见的问题:
⒈在复合结构里,人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时,没有问题,如很少人会犯下这样的错误:
*(1)Wilcox
spoke
to
I.
*(2)Her
knew
what
had
happened.
但在复合结构中,错误就难免了,如:
*(3)Wilcox
spoke
to
my
friend
and
I.
*(4)He
and
her
knew
what
had
happened.
*(5)This
is
between
you
and
he.
这种错误是可避免的。
第一,在有介词的复合结构中,特别要注意,第二个人称代词,必须用宾语,如:for
you
and
me和
between
Maria
and
him。
第二,试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来,那么该用的格就容易辨别了,如:
(6)This
message
is
for
(My
father
and)
I
or
me.
(7)(Marry
and)
he
or
him
went
downtown
together.
显然的,(5)里的代词是宾格的me,
(6)里的代词是主格的he。
⒉在比较结构里,连接词as或than后面,按理用主格式,但在口语中,人们常用宾格形式,学美式英语者,更是如此:
(8)a.
You
did
as
well
as
she.
b.
You
did
as
well
as
her.
(9)a.
I
am
older
than
he.
b.
I
am
older
than
him.
(a)和(b)两种说法,都可接受。但如果as和than后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话,这时的人称代词,就必须是主格,如下:
(10)You
did
as
well
as
she
did.
(11)I
am
older
than
he
is
.
此外,还有一点要注意,就是as和than后面虽然在语法上用主格好,用宾格也可,但是有时意思会有所不同。
试比较(a)和(b):
(12)a.
Jason
praised
Maria
more
highly
than
I.
b.
Jason
praised
Maria
more
highly
than
me.
(12)a和b都被接受,但(12)a等于(13)a,而(12)b等于(13)B:
(13)a.
Jason
praised
Maria
more
highly
than
I
did
(=
I
praised
Maria).
b.
Jason
praised
Maria
more
highly
than
he
praised
me.
显然,这两句的深层意思大有差别。遇到这种情形,为了避免误解,不妨根据要表达的意思用完整的句式表达出来。换句话说,必要的话,要用(13)这句子。
不然,把(13)a变成(14),
(13)b变成(15)也可:
(14)I
did
not
praise
Maria
as
highly
as
Jason
did.
(15)Jason
did
not
praise
me
as
highly
as
he
praised
Maria.
宾格和主格小歌曲I love you, you love me,We love them,They love US,You and me them and US,We are happy we are friends,Mike is nice I love him,Grace his king I love her, my friends I love them,My cute Rabbit,I love it,Ham and Her,And them and it,主格呢?他就是像一个主人一样,宾格呢,它就像一个嘉宾一样,主格他就是
可以定成一张表让我抄吗?