一、延续性动词和非延续性动词的概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词:表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
非延续性动词:也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、用法特征
1、延续性动词:
①延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。
如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
②延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。
如:
(错误)It raind at eight yesterday morning.
rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。
(正确):It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.
2、非延续性动词:
①非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。
如: The train has arrived.火车到了。
②非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。
如: 他死了三年了。
错误:He has died for three years.
句中的die为终止性动词,不能与表示"一段时间"的状语连用。
正确:
He has been dead for three years.
He died three years ago.
It is three years since he died.
Three years has passed since he died.
③非延续性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
如: He hasn't left here since 1986.
④非延续性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型,意为"直到……才……"。
如: You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
⑤非延续性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。
如: When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
⑥非延续性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。
如: 误:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?
如有疑问,请追问,满意,请采纳,谢谢!