linux根目录下的8个主要文件夹都是什么⼀各是什么特点和文件性质？

你可以man hier看到相应的信息.如果想玩LINUX，要习惯于MAN以及熟悉英文

例如如下信息：
/bin This directory contains executable programs which are needed in single user mode and to bring the system up or repair it.

/boot Contains static files for the boot loader. This directory only holds the files which are needed during the boot process. The map installer and configuration files should go to /sbin and /etc.

/dev Special or device files, which refer to physical devices. See mknod(1).

/dos If both MS-DOS and Linux are run on one computer, this is a typical place to mount a DOS file system.

/etc Contains configuration files which are local to the machine. Some larger software packages, like X11, can have their own subdirectories below /etc. Site-wide configuration files may be placed here or in /usr/etc. Nevertheless, programs should always look for these files in /etc and you may have links for these files to /usr/etc.