推荐回答(3个)
1.控制猫的颜色只有两种:黄(红)色和黑色,所有猫的原来颜色都是只有黄色,黑色或者黄黑色这三种可能。我们所以见到千变万化的猫是因为其它可以控制颜色的基因共同作用的结果。但这些基因都不在性染色体上,不能改变猫原本的任何颜色。
2.小猫的颜色只能遗传父母,不可能跳过父母遗传再上一代的颜色。
3.公猫不能遗传父亲的颜色。母猫一定从父母身上各遗传一个颜色。忽略白色,公猫一定是单色的。母猫一定是单色或双色的。
如上所说,猫的毛色其实只有两种基本色,黑和黄(英文叫红或者橙)。
黑色基因B/b/b'在普通染色体上,有三种形式,黑,棕,浅棕。但另外有几个基因可以调整这些色素在猫毛上的分布,造成不同的颜色,比如黑色可以因为另外一个“浓度”基因而表现为黑或者灰(所谓“蓝”猫)。
黄色基因O/o在X染色体上,是所谓伴性遗传。如果一只猫的基因黄黑都有,这个黄色色素会完全取代黑色素,所以公猫要么黄要么不黄。但是母猫就有三种可能:黄,不黄,黄斑。黄斑母猫的基因是Oo,本来那个隐性的o不应该表达出来的,但哺乳动物的雌性会把两条X染色体中的一条封存起来不用,以平衡雄性的只有一个X(Y上头没什么基因,不用平衡)。如果某个细胞中正好把带显性黄色基因的那条X封起来了,这个细胞就不造黄色素了,如果它正巧还带B基因的话,会显示黑色。这个过程是在早期胚胎中完成的,每个细胞里随机封起来一个X,所以有的黄有的不黄,之后每个细胞分裂成很多细胞,到了小猫生出来看起来就是一团一团的黄斑。所以理论上来说三花(玳瑁)猫只能是母猫,不过偶尔也会出只公的三花,因为有的公猫是XXY。
白色是没有色素,但不全是白化。生物学上白化是造色素的反应链中某一环节坏掉了(比如相关某个基因变异),但白猫很多是有造色素的能力的,却有个显性“白色”基因把生产色素的细胞控制住了。有这种白色基因的猫容易耳聋,但白化猫没这个趋势。
年纪大了、缺乏氨基酸、生病、高温、内分泌,都有可能。
深色的毛色好像是比较容易有退色的问题。
如果猫猫养了很多年,不是刚买回来不久的那种的话~ 就是猫猫自身的原因了~ 老了色素分泌会出现问题~ 就像老人会长老年斑是一个道理~ 也有可能是猫食的营养问题~
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