对联的发展史及其特点是什么?

2025-03-16 11:02:44
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

对联的发展:

从文学史的角度看,对联,是从古代诗文辞赋中的对偶句逐渐演化、发展而来。

这个发展过程大约经历了三个阶段:

1.对偶阶段——时间跨度为先秦、两汉至南北朝;

2.骈偶阶段——起源于东汉的辞赋,兴于魏晋,盛于南北朝;

3.律偶阶段——形成于唐代。

对联的特点:

  1. 字数相等,断句一致。

  2. 词性相对,位置相同。

  3. 平仄相合,音调和谐。

  4. 内容相关,上下衔接。

一种认为对联起源于桃符。

对联形式短小,文辞精炼,既是一种生动的艺术表现形式,又是一种优秀的文化遗产。对联是在古代的“桃符”和“对句”的基础上发展起来的。

桃符也就是我们古时挂在大门上的两块画着门神或写着门神名字,用于避邪的桃木板或纸,相当于门神像。后人往往也把春联一块贴在桃符上,于是后人以“桃符”借指“春联”。

到了五代,桃符上开始出现联语,代替了神荼和郁垒的名字,人们一般都在上面写上一些吉利的词句。宋太祖乾德二年后蜀君主 孟昶 于除夕令学士幸寅逊题桃符志喜,蜀主对学士所题词语不满意,即挥毫书写了“新年纳余庆,嘉节号长春”。

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