清朝与明朝官员年收入多少

2025-03-15 17:35:08
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

明代官秩分为九品十八级,俸禄也据此分为十八等。正一品每年禄米1000石,俸钞300贯,从九品禄米60石,俸钞30贯。后来只给少部分米,其余的折合成钱。因折算得不合理,官员的实际收入变得很有限。宣宗初年,有一位叫孔友谅的知县上书说:“大小官自折钞外,月不过米二石,不足食数人,仰事俯育,与道路往来,费安所取资?”意思是说,上要养老,下要育小,加上送往迎来,实在是拿不出钱来。

清朝立国之初,官员的俸禄也很少。在京文武官员每年俸银,一品180两,二品155两,三品130两,四品105两,五品80两,六品60两,七品45两,八品40两,正九品33.1两,从九品31.5两。另按俸银每两给俸米斛。京外文官俸银与京官相同,但没有禄米,而武官的俸银减半。这个标准是很低的。康熙时御史上奏说:七品知县每年只有45两俸银,“计每月支俸三两零(即三两多俸银),一家一日,粗食安饱,兼喂马匹,亦得费银五六钱。一月俸不足五六日之费,尚有二十余日将忍饥不食乎?不取之百姓,势必饥寒”。为改变这种状况,雍正皇帝实行了一项新的措施,即不动用国家财政,把地方州县私自征收的“火耗”银提解到省里,进行规范化管理,再从中取出一部分回拨给地方官,作为他们的生活和办公补助费,这就是著名的“提火耗、设养廉”。养廉银的数目大大超过各级官员的俸银。

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