范雎蔡泽列传翻译
从“蔡泽者,燕人也到恶能激乎!”
推荐回答(1个)
全篇翻译如下: 你要的选段都齐了
蔡泽,燕国人。游学四方,向所在诸侯求取官位,(都没有获得机会。)到赵国,被驱逐。又前往韩、魏,在路上,所带行厨炊具又都给别人抢去了,于是蔡泽只好向西到秦国。
蔡泽准备去见秦昭王,就(用计)先派人扬言,用以激怒秦国宰相范雎,说:“燕人蔡泽,是天下见识高超、口辩厉害的智慧之人,他一拜见秦王,秦王一定会使你窘迫而(蔡泽)定会夺取你的相位。”范雎听说后,派人召蔡泽来见。蔡泽进见,却只长揖之礼而不下拜,本来早就(惹得)范雎不高兴。等到接见后,蔡泽的态度又很倨傲放肆,范雎于是责备他说:你曾经扬言要取代我做秦国宰相,难道有件事吗?请允许我听听你的说法!”蔡泽说:“假使像商君、吴起、大夫种那样的结局,也可以作为祈向的愿望吗?”范雎料到蔡泽故意引用这三人之事,是要用这些说辞来堵住自己的嘴。于是就诡辩地回答说:“为什么不可以!像这三个人,本来就是仁义的极致,忠诚的标准。因此君子为保持节义可以以身殉难,视死如归。活着而受辱没,还不如为节义死去而荣耀。士人本来就有杀身成名的,只要仁义所在,即便死也无所怨恨,为什么不可以!”蔡泽说:“商君、吴起、大夫种作为人臣,做得对;但那些君主,却错了。所以,世人称这三人尽了忠孝之功而不得好报,难道羡慕他们那样不得好报而白死么!十人建功立业,难道不期望成全吗!性命和功名都得成全的,这是最好的愿望。功名可以使后世景仰而性命却失去的,这就次一等了;性命虽得苟全,但声名却蒙受污辱,这就是最下的一等了。”听到这里,范雎称许蔡泽的话。于是请他入座,待为上宾。
过后几天,范雎上朝,把蔡泽的情况向秦昭王作了禀报。秦昭王召见蔡泽,同他谈话,大为喜悦,授予他客卿之位。范雎于是托言有病情昭王允话他归还相印。秦召王新宠蔡泽,于是授予蔡泽宰相之位,并在他的辅佐下灭了东周。蔡泽做秦相几个月后,有人说他的坏话,中伤他,蔡泽害怕被杀,于是就托言有病归还相印。在秦国十多年,奉事昭王、孝文王、庄襄王,最后奉事秦始皇。蔡泽作为秦国使者出使燕国,在燕国三年,就让太子丹被送入秦国当了人质。
太史公评论说:韩非子认为"长袖善舞,多钱善贾",这句话很可信啊。范雎、蔡泽等世上的一切辩士,虽然游说诸侯,但(大都是)到了头白也没有入仕的机会。这并非他们的计策拙劣,而是因为游说的力度不大。等到入秦作客,相继取得卿相之位,功垂天下的原因,是(游说力度)强弱形势本来就不一样,凭借不同罢了。辩士也有偶然遇到好机会的;天下有很多象蔡泽二人一样的贤能之人,却没有遇到好机会,所以就不能尽展他们的才能,(这样的事)又哪能一一数得尽呢!然而,范雎、蔡泽二人如果不被厄境所困,又哪能激励自奋呢!
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