推荐回答（1个）
余秋雨的《西湖梦》从散文的分类上看属于学者散文，给我们上散文鉴赏课的秦教授说它是大散文。大散文的文化视野较宽和一般的散文不同，思想高度深且把握生活本质的能力强。优秀散文在思维品质方面具有深刻性，文章格调非同一般，也能感觉沉甸甸的文化积累。读《西湖梦》若干遍，在心中将它定位为优秀散文。
在《西湖梦》中，作者把西湖看作中国文化中的一个常用意象把西湖当作极复杂的中国文化人格的集合体。在作者的叙述中，西湖是抽象的虚幻的，盛大然而缥缈。作者借西湖这个陈旧的梦境带来的疏离感，阐述了群体性文化人格日趋黯淡。但是作者又高度赞扬了苏轼，同时也批评了消极隐退于西湖的中国旧知识分子。此文思想境界极为开阔，与社会与历史与现实紧密联系，抒发了自己独到的见解。散文的文化品位不外乎将眼光扩散到文章所包涵的文化视野，格调和积淀。《西湖梦》由一把旧折扇引出一个陈旧的梦境，向读者展现了文化的视野，作者引古据今，将西湖的历史一页一页打开，栖息于西湖的历史名人和隐者，使西湖扬名天下的两位诗人，名妓苏小小等，活脱脱地从历史的画册中走出，西湖的过去豁然洞开。西湖是热闹的，不仅因为宗教的展览，连道家也青睐于它，更不用说那些钟情于它的文人墨客。余秋雨此篇学者散文，格调超脱、亦褒亦贬，并明显带点调侃。他说：摩挲中国文化一久，心头都会有这个湖。西湖已不仅仅是一处景致，早已成了中国文化某一时代的烙印，不可磨灭。从文章中不难看出，历史、文化、景点仍荡漾在西湖的粼粼碧波上。
可以说，《西湖梦》在把握对象的本质方面有着敏锐的洞察力。由于个人社会经验和文化水平的差异，每个人感受到的东西绝不会一样，而全程观察，对把握事物本质有好处，揭示事物本质，能系统地把握事物的特点，不至于以偏盖全。作者不是随意地就写就这样一篇质量上乘的散文。通过跟踪体察和全程观察，作者将西湖的文化由古及今地跟踪和梳理了一遍，通过对西湖的亲访，在发出“景点，景点，总是景点，再也读不到传世的檄文，只剩下廊柱上龙飞风舞的楹联。再也找不见慷慨的遗恨，只剩下几座既可凭吊也可休息的亭台。再也不去期待历史的震颤，只有凛然安坐着的万古湖山。修缮，修缮，再修缮，群塔入云，藤葛如髯，湖水上漂浮着千年藻苔。”的感叹之后，毫不留情地揭示了群体性的文化人格日趋黯淡的文坛现状以及西湖文化实质上成了一种无目的的浪费。恰到好处地把握了西湖的本质。
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