怎样防治鸡减蛋综合征?

2025-03-26 11:33:28
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

鸡减蛋综合征,是由腺病毒引起的使鸡群产蛋率下降的一种传染病。其主要特征为产蛋量下降,蛋壳褪色,产软壳蛋或无壳蛋。本病可使鸡群产蛋率下降30%~50%,蛋的破损率可达38%~40%,无壳蛋、软壳蛋达15%,给养鸡生产造成了严重的经济损失。

(1)流行特点

本病的易感动物主要是鸡,任何年龄、任何品种的鸡均可感染,尤其是产褐壳蛋的种鸡最易感,产白壳蛋的鸡易感性较低。幼鸡感染后不表现任何临床症状,也查不出血清抗体,只有到开产以后,血清才转为阳性,尤其在产蛋高峰期30周龄前后,发病率最高。

本病主要传染源是病鸡和带毒母鸡,既可垂直感染,也可水平感染。病毒主要在带毒鸡生殖系统增殖,感染鸡的种蛋内容物中含有病毒,蛋壳还可以被泄殖腔的含病毒粪便所污染,因而可经孵化传染给雏鸡。本病水平传播较慢,并且不连续,通过一栋鸡舍大约需几周。鸡粪是发病鸡水平感染的主要方式。因而平养鸡比笼养鸡传播快,鸡可以从喉及粪便中排泄病毒。此外,鸡蛋和盛蛋工具经常在鸡场间随便流动,这中间受感染的蛋鸡在产蛋中可能是一种非常重要的水平传播来源。

(2)临床症状

发病鸡群的临床症状并不明显,发病前期可发现少数鸡拉稀,个别呈绿便,部分鸡精神不佳,闭目似睡,受惊后变得精神。有的鸡冠表现苍白,有的轻度发紫,采食、饮水略有减少,体温正常。发病后鸡群产蛋率突然下降,每天可下降2%~4%,连续2~3周,下降幅度最高可达30%~50%,以后逐渐恢复,但很难恢复到正常水平或达到产蛋高峰。在开产前感染时,产蛋率达不到高峰。蛋壳褪色(褐色变为白色),产异状蛋、软壳蛋、无壳蛋的数量明显增加。

(3)病理变化

本病基本上不死鸡,病死鸡剖检后病变不明显。剖检产无壳蛋或异状蛋的鸡,可见其输卵管及子宫黏膜肥厚,腔内有白色渗出物或干酪样物,有时也可见卵泡软化,其他脏器无明显变化。

(4)鉴别诊断

①鸡减蛋综合征与鸡病毒性关节炎的鉴别:鸡病毒性关节炎也可导致鸡产蛋量下降,但其病原为呼肠孤病毒,病鸡跗关节肿胀,不愿走动,勉强驱赶时步态不稳,剖检可见关节有黄色或血色分泌物,肌腱断裂与周围组织粘连。鸡减蛋综合征则无此症状和病变。②鸡减蛋综合征与鸡脑脊髓炎的鉴别:鸡脑脊髓炎也可导致其产蛋率下降,但其病原为禽脑脊髓炎病毒,病鸡表现为行动迟缓,走几步即蹲下,常以跗关节着地,驱赶时跗关节走路并拍打翅膀,眼晶体混浊,失明。剖检可见脑膜充血、出血,神经元肿大,树突轴突消失。鸡减蛋综合征则无此症状和病变。③鸡减蛋综合征与鸡脂肪肝综合征的鉴别:鸡脂肪肝综合征是鸡的一种代谢病,虽然病鸡也表现产蛋率突然下降,但该病主要发生于肥胖鸡,鸡冠苍白,死亡率高。剖检病死鸡可发现肝肿大,易碎,呈黄褐色,肝破裂出血。鸡减蛋综合征则无此症状和病变。④鸡减蛋综合征与鸡维生素A、维生素D、钙缺乏症的鉴别:鸡缺乏维生素A、维生素D和矿物质钙时,由于卵壳腺机能不正常,缺乏钙质原料,不能分泌充足的壳质等,因而产软壳蛋、无壳蛋,但饲料中添加钙和维生素A、维生素D后便很快会恢复。

(5)防治措施

本病目前尚无有效的治疗方法,只能加强预防。①未发生本病的鸡场应保持本病的隔离状态,严格执行全进全出制度,绝不引进或补充正在产蛋的鸡,不从有本病的鸡场引进雏鸡或种蛋。注意防止从场外带进病原污染物。②在本病流行地区可用疫苗进行预防,蛋鸡可在开产前2~3周肌内注射灭活的油乳剂疫苗0.5~1.0毫升。

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