推荐回答（1个）
《保险法》第48条规定在保险人向第三者行使代位请求赔偿权利时，被保险人应当向保险人提供必要的文件和其所知道的有关情况。若没有被保险人的协助，保险人在行使对第三人的请求权时可能会面临诸多困难。因此，法律规定被保险人负有协助保险人行使代位求偿权的义务。这种协助义务既是法律明示规定的，通常也为保险合同所载明⑻。中国海商法、保险法也明确规定了被保险人的该项义务。这项义务主要包括两个方面的内容：一方面，被保险人应在保险事故发生后，及时向第三人发出索赔通知，甚至提起诉讼，其目的在于保全诉讼时效利益，以保证保险人赔付保险金后起诉第三人时不丧失诉讼时效；另一方面，被保险人应向保险人提供与权利及权利受损害有关的文件资料，包括被保险人知道的与第三人责任有关的所有情况。以保障保险人充分了解和评估保险代位权的价值和实现的机会。必要时经保险人申请被保险人应当作为第三人直接参与代位求偿诉讼。
在保险理赔实务中，保险人支付保险金后往往要求被保险人签署权益转让书，中保财产保险公司制定的《陆上货物运输保险合同》第17条即有此规定。有观点认为权益转让书也属于保险人全额理赔时被保险人履行协助义务应提供的相关文件之一。
关于权益转让书，首先要了解保险代位权的取得方式，世界各国大致有两种立法例：一是当然代位主义，即代位求偿权的取得仅以理赔为条件，只要保险人向被保险人给付保险金后即自动取得代位求偿权；另一是请求代位主义，即保险人向被保险人赔付后并不能自动取得代位求偿权，还须被保险人明示让渡对第三人的损害赔偿请求权给给保险人，形式上通常即表现为权益转让书，保险人方能取得代位求偿权。中国保险法采取当然代位主义，保险人支付保险金后当然取得代位求偿权，权益转让书对保险人取得代位求偿权不具有实际意义，权益转让书或类似声明的签署与否不影响保险人取得代位求偿权。特别指出的是海事诉讼中，即使权益转让书包含了被保险人确认收到赔偿金额的内容，也不能作为保险人实际支付保险金的依据。2003年2月1日实施的最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》若干问题的解释明确否认海事诉讼特别程序中权益转让书作为实际支付证明的效力⑼。保险事故发生后，存在对保险事故负有责任的第三人的，被保险人同时享有两个权利，被保险人因保险事故对第三人有损害赔偿请求权，因保险合同对保险人有保险金支付请求权。保险金支付请求权的数额受保险金额和实际损失的双重限制，而损害赔偿请求权的责任范围依据违约和侵权的不同有所差别，侵权责任的范围包括财产损失、人身伤害和精神损害，当然基于保险补偿原则，保险人仅得代位被保险人享有的财产损失赔偿请求权；而违约责任仅以财产损失为限，且适用可预见规则以限定赔偿范围。《保险法》第45条第3款保险人依照第一款行使代位请求赔偿的权利，不影响被保险人就未取得赔偿的部分向第三者请求赔偿的权利。
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