诸葛亮为什么不让才华出众的姜维做接班人,反而选择了蒋琬?
推荐回答(1个)
诸葛亮最终选择让蒋琬接班,而不是自己最欣赏的弟子姜维。在我看来,姜维相比蒋琬,有以下不足之处。
1、姜维是降将,威望不足
从姜维归顺蜀汉,到诸葛亮去世,期间不过五六年的时间。姜维归顺时才27岁,诸葛亮去世时,不过30岁出头。姜维并非刘备旧部,资历不如蒋琬、魏延等跟随刘备多年的人。在诸葛亮部下时,他有很多时间是用来学习军事,并没有立下突出的功绩。论资历、威望、功劳,姜维都无法镇服蜀国人。

2、姜维是激进派,主张北伐,不利于蜀国发展
诸葛亮自己的理想是灭掉魏国、一统天下、兴复汉室。但他也知道,蜀国的国力远不如魏国。在自己死后,蜀国已经无力与魏国继续大规模作战。诸葛亮希望自己死后,蜀国能够休养生息。所以他更重用保守稳重的蒋琬、费?。而资历、威望、战功最高的魏延,因为是主战派,就被诸葛亮抛弃了。姜维同样是主战派。诸葛亮虽然姜维的才华、志向,但是并不希望蜀国无休止的与魏国消耗下去。在诸葛亮执政时,姜维的官职就不如蒋琬、费?。诸葛亮死后,安排蒋琬、费?执掌朝政,而姜维并没有最高决策权。可见,诸葛亮并不希望由姜维执掌蜀国。

而蒋琬相比姜维来说,有以下优点。
1、官职高、威望高
在荆州时,蒋琬就已经跟随刘备了。诸葛亮执政时,蒋琬职位仅次于魏延、杨仪、张裔,而高于姜维。诸葛亮领兵北伐时,蒋琬经常留守后方,代诸葛亮处理国政,并供应后勤。早年刘备外出征战时,诸葛亮担任的就是这个职责。从资历、官职上,蒋琬都胜过姜维。
2、为人稳重
相比姜维来说,蒋琬为人更为稳重。诸葛亮去世后,蜀国人心惶惶,蒋琬很快就稳定了人心。蜀国内部政治斗争复杂,蒋琬做事公允,让各路人物都心服口服。刘禅后来也非常信任蒋琬,并把军政大权都交给了他,信任不亚于诸葛亮。

3、蒋琬精通内政
论军事才能,蒋琬不如姜维。蒋琬曾经试图从东路进攻魏国,但是得不到朝臣的支持,最后作罢。但是他更擅长处理内政。在蒋琬执政时,蜀国国富民强、兴旺发达。在诸葛亮的连年北伐之后,蜀国需要休养生息。精通内政的蒋琬无疑是最好的选择。
兵者,凶器也。姜维以擅长军事而得到诸葛亮的欣赏,但也因为是激进的主战派,所以诸葛亮没有把蜀国交给姜维。蒋琬为人稳重、擅长处理国政,更适宜执掌大局。稳重的蒋琬、费?去世后,姜维连年北伐,劳而无功,反而让蜀国国力衰竭。最后蜀国的灭亡,与姜维的穷兵黩武、用兵激进有很大关系。
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