“以天下之所顺,攻亲戚之所畔”的“之”是什么意思?

2025-04-08 09:44:39
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

两个“之”的意思都为:主谓间取消句子独立性。

“之”的用法及意思概括如下:

一、 作助词用。主要用法有四种类型: 

1、 结构助词。相当于现代汉语“的”,放在定语和中心语之间,作定语的标志。 

其格式为:定语+之+中心语。 例如: 

①故时有物外之趣。(沈复《幼时记趣》)译:物体本身以外的乐趣。 

②于厅事之东北角。(林嗣环《口技》)  译:在客厅的东北角。 

③水陆草木之花。(周敦颐《陋室金铭》)——各种草木的花。 

④览物之情,得无异乎?(范仲淹《岳阳楼记》)译:(他们)观赏自然景物后的感情 

⑤忘路之远近。(陱渊明《桃花源记》)译:忘记了路的远近。 

⑥明有奇巧人……能以径寸之木。(魏学伊《核舟记》)译:直径一寸的木头。 

⑦菊之爱,陱后鲜有闻。(陱渊明《桃花源记》)译:对于菊花的爱好。 

2、 用在主谓之间,取消句子独立性,使原来的主谓句成为句子成分或复句的成分。不必译出。

其格式为:主语+之+谓语。例如: 

①予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染。(刘禹锡《爱莲说》)译:我唯独爱莲花的从淤泥中长出而不受到沾染。 

②无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形。(刘禹锡《陋室铭》)译:这里没有嘈杂的音乐声侵扰耳鼓。

③予谓菊,花之隐逸者也。(刘禹锡《陋室铭》)译:我认为菊花是花是的隐士。 

④大道之行也。(《大道之行也》礼记)译:当政治上最高理想实施的时候。 

3、 用在不及物动词、形容词或时间副词后起协调音节、舒缓语气作用。不必译出。 

例如: 

①公将鼓之。(左秋明《曹刿论战》)译:鲁庄公将要击鼓进攻了。 

②久之,目似暝,意暇甚。(蒲松龄《狼》)译:时间长了, 

4、 宾语前置标志。通常出现在疑问句中,疑问代词作宾语时,放在动词谓语前。 

其格式为:宾语+之+谓语。例如: 

①孔子云:“何陋之有?” (刘禹锡《陋室铭》)译:孔子说:“有什么简陋的呢?“ 

②宋何罪之有?(墨子《公输》)译:宋国有什么罪呢? 

动词“有”,宾语“陋”、“何罪”,借“之”帮助,把宾语“陋”“何罪”从动词“有”后面提到动词前面。这个“之”只是提宾标志,无实在意义。按现代汉语的说法,“何陋之有?”即为“有何陋?” “宋何罪之有?”即为“宋有何罪?”。 

5、定语后置标志。为了强调定语,常把定语放在中心语的后面。例如: 

马之千里者。(韩愈《马说》)译:日行千里的马,一顿有时吃完一石粮食。 

二、作代词用: 

1、 人称代词,相当于现代汉语“我”、“他们”、“她们”、“它”、“它们”。例如: 

①具答之。(陱渊明《桃花源记》)译:渔人详尽地回答了他们。之:代指桃花源人。 

②亲戚畔之(孟子《得道多助,失道寡助》)译:亲戚背叛反对他。之:代指道的君主。 

③彼竭我盈,故克之。(左秋明《曹刿论战》)译:所以战胜了他们。之:代指齐国军队。 

④又数刀毙之。(蒲松龄《狼》)译:杀死了狼。之:代指狼。 

⑤箬篷覆之。(魏学伊《核舟记》)译:用箬篷叶做成的船篷覆盖在上面。之:代指船舱。 

⑥闭之,则右刻“山高月小,水落石出”。(魏学伊《核舟记》)译:关上窗户。之:它,代指窗户。 

2、 指示代词,相当于现代汉语“这”、“这样”“这……事”、“那”、“那样”等。例如:

① 渔为甚异之。(陱渊明《桃花源记》)译:渔为非常惊异这件事。之:代指桃花源的情景。 

② 南阳刘子骥,高尚士也,闻之。(陱渊明《桃花源记》)译:听说了这件事。之:代指桃花源事。 

②曾不能损魁父之丘(列子《愚公移山》)译:还不能挖掉魁父这样的小山。 

三、作动词用,相当于“到”、“往”、“去”: 

例如: 

①辍耕之垄上。(《史记陈涉世家》)译:他停止耕作,到田埂上休息。 

②杜少府之任蜀州  译:到蜀州上任。 

③又间令吴广之次所旁丛祠中。(《史记陈涉世家》)译:到驻地旁的丛林里的神庙中

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