桃蛀螟危害石榴有何特点?怎样防治?

2025-03-15 05:43:13
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

桃蛀螟又名桃蛀野螟、桃蛀心虫。主要以幼虫从果与果、果与叶、果与枝的接触处钻入果实危害。果实内充满虫粪,致果实腐烂并造成落果或干果挂在树上。

多数地区1年发生4代,以老熟幼虫或蛹在僵果中、树皮裂缝、堆果场及残枝败叶中越冬。4月上旬越冬幼虫化蛹,下旬羽化产卵;5月中旬发生第一代;7月上旬发生第二代;8月上旬发生第三代;9月上旬为第四代,尔后以老熟幼虫或蛹越冬。成虫昼伏夜出,对黑光灯趋性强,对糖醋液也有趋性。卵散产于两果相并处和枝叶遮盖的果面或梗洼上,卵期7天左右。幼虫世代重叠严重,尤以第一、二代重叠常见,以第二代危害重。

防治要点:

①农业防治。冬春季节彻底清理树上、树下干僵果及园内枯枝落叶和刮除翘裂的树皮,清除果园周围的玉米、高粱、向日葵、蓖麻等遗株深埋或烧毁,消灭越冬幼虫及蛹。

②诱杀成虫。成虫发生期在果园内点黑光灯或放置糖醋液诱杀成虫。

③种植诱集作物诱杀。根据桃蛀螟对玉米、高粱、向日葵趋性强的特性,在果园内或四周种植诱集作物,集中诱杀。一般每公顷种植玉米、高粱或向日葵300~450株。

④药剂防治。掌握在桃蛀螟第一、二代成虫产卵高峰期的6月20日至7月30日间喷药,施药3~5次,叶面喷洒90%晶体敌百虫800~1000倍液或20%氰戊菊酯乳油1500~2000倍液、2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油2000~3000倍液、50%辛硫磷乳剂1000倍液等。

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