项羽有没有真正的墓葬?在哪?
谢谢你们吖``^-^
推荐回答(4个)
在山东!
史记有记载:
项羽死后,西楚其余地方皆向汉投降,因项羽封鲁公,故鲁地迟不肯降,直到汉军出示了项羽首级之后。之后,汉王刘邦在谷城(在今山东省内)以鲁公礼安葬项羽,并亲为发哀,哭之而去。
有啊!项羽当时之英雄也,可惜!大英雄以完成当时的环境而奋争。如:秦始皇曹操,孙策等皆英雄也!而项王随有墓室但也是凄惨直至,身形聚散,真头金身尔!墓室应在安徽一带。
“项羽究竟死于何地?”项羽自刎于安徽和县东北乌江浦,即秦汉时九江郡东城县乌江亭,而有的同志言“项羽真正的殉难地不在乌江而是东城,即今安徽定远东南(距乌江约三百华里)。”(见1985年2月13日《光明日报》史学版《项羽究竟死于何地?》)值得商榷。
《史记·项羽本纪》关于项羽自垓下溃围南驰,于东城突破汉军重围,在乌江自刎而死,均有详细记载。项羽自刎乌江后,汉军“相蹂践争项王,”项王尸体被撕裂为五下,吕马童、王翳、杨喜、杨武、吕胜因获其尸体而被封侯等细节,也都一一作了交待。(详见《项羽本纪》。《汉书·项籍》记载与此略同。)
司马迁距楚汉之争仅仅几十年,班固也是汉人。他俩家学渊源,治学严谨,能比较公正地臧否人物,评断事件;他们注重实地调查史迹和广泛采访遗文佚事,并能充分利用国家收藏的图书典籍,对史料认真加以别择去取。同时,司马迁在史实未弄清楚的情况下,常采用“盖……,或言……。”、“或曰……,或曰……”然疑并提的手法,谨慎地将各种说法皆留存史册,待后人探讨,不随意断定。因而《史记·项羽本纪》、《汉书·项籍》关于项羽在乌江“乃自刎而死”的翔实记载是可信的。
既然项羽“自刎于乌江”,为何《史记》和《汉书》竟然有羽“身死东城”(《史记·项羽本纪》论赞),“灌婴追斩羽东城。”(汉书·高帝纪》)之说呢?难道是司马迁和班固两人的历史巨著自我矛盾吗?非也。
《史记》和《汉书》“身死东城”、“斩羽东城”之说乃是泛指。秦汉时,乌江亭属九江郡东城县。如《太平环宇记》卷一百二十四:“乌江县本秦乌江亭,汉东城县地。项羽败于垓下,东走至乌江。亭长舣船待羽处也。”《续通典》记:“晋太康六年,始于东城县界置乌江县。”《直隶和州志》、《历阳典录补》等书也有类似提法。而《史记》和《汉书》中的项羽“身死东城”和“灌婴追斩羽东城”等句是项羽自东城败走至乌江自刎等详细经过的略说,其句中的“东城”是九江郡东城县乌江亭的泛指,并不是实指东城县的故城。《史记》和《汉书》中说项羽在乌江“乃自刎而死”是指地而言,是详叙,具体到自刎地点,“身死东城”是指县而言,是泛指身死东城县境范围,其两种说法含义相同,互不抵牾。这种一详一略的写法,正是司马迁和班固用笔的精到之处,在《史记》、《汉书》中多见,绝不是什么破绽和疏漏,直至今天人们仍常常采用。
项羽自刎乌江,古来就有很多史迹:乌江镇东南二里凤凰山上建有霸王庙及其衣冠冢。霸王庙,旧名项亭、项王亭和霸王灵祠。《太平环宇记》卷一百二十四说:“项亭,《汉书》云汉军追羽至东城,乌江亭长舣待之,即此。今有庙,在县南三里。《史记》云身死东城是也。”《历阳典录》卷十说:“项王墓,乌江项王庙后。按《史记》、《汉书》高帝葬羽彀城,在今东阿县南十里,乌江之墓殆诸将分裂之余也。”《直隶和州志》卷四云:“驻马河,州东北四十里,濒江,即乌江亭长舣舟待项王处。”在今和县的乌江一带,常能听到项羽自刎于乌江的动人故事和“不到乌江不罢休”,“无颜再见江东父老”等谚语。关于乌江项羽庙与项羽自刎乌江的故事,古人题咏也甚多。李贺咏项羽神骓:“催榜渡乌江,神骓泣向风;君主今解剑,何处逐英雄?”杜牧作诗《题乌江亭》:“胜败兵家事不期,包羞忍耻是男儿。江东子弟多才俊,卷土重来未可知。”
项羽自东城突围至乌江途中,也留有史迹。《隋书·地理志》:“江都郡全椒县有‘九斗山’,《史记正义》引《江表传》云:‘项羽败至乌江,汉兵追羽至此,一日九斗,因名。’”《全椒县志》云:“放生池,城南三百步,相传汉将灌婴追羽于此,故一名饮马池。”《直隶和州志》:“阴陵山,州北八十里,上有刺枪坑,为项王立枪地。”
然而,历代《定远县志》皆没有关于项羽死于东城故城附近的记载,但倒有“项羽至阴陵及东城遂引而东”的记述(见《定远历代大事记》)。在定远,关于项羽死于东城故城附近的传闻和遗迹也都未曾有过。定远县境内的虞姬墓、阴陵、东城、霸王寨、刘会桥、下马铺等“史迹”、“遗址遗迹”,仅能说明项羽至乌江自刎经过了这些地点,但证实不了项羽死于东城故城。因而,“项羽真正的殉难地不在乌江而是东城,即今安徽定远东南(距乌江约三百华里)。”的结论是不能成立的。项羽自刎乌江是可信的。
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