地震仪是张衡发明的吧,我想知道这种原始的东西是靠什么原理工作的?
它的准确率又有多高呢,在实际中有多大的用处呢?
推荐回答(3个)
张衡生于公元78年,死于139年,是我国古代杰出的科学家。他在数学、天文、地震等方面,都有突出的成就。张衡发明的仪器叫地动仪,这是世界上第一架地震仪。据“后汉书”记载,地动仪以精铜铸造 而成,圆径达八尺,外形像个酒樽,机关装在樽内,外面按东、西、南、北、东北、东南、西南、西北八个方位各设置一条龙,每条龙嘴里含有一个小铜球,地上对准龙嘴各蹲着一个铜蛤蟆,昂头张口,当任何一个方位的地方发生了较强的地震时,传来的地震波会使樽内相应的机关发生变动,从而触动龙头的杠杆,使处在那个方位的龙嘴张开,龙嘴里含着的小铜球自然落到地上的蛤蟆嘴里,发出“铛铛”的响声,这样观测人员就知道什么时间,什么方位发生了地震。
公元138年3月1日,这台地动仪西方的龙嘴张开了,铜球“铛”的一声落到蛤蟆嘴里,测知洛阳以西发生地震。但由于洛阳没有感到震动,所以很多人议论纷纷,说这台仪器不准。几天以后,信使飞马来报,距离洛阳以西一千多里的陇西(甘肃东南部)发生了大地震,这才使朝廷内外“皆服其妙”。近代的地震仪在1880年才制成,它的原理和张衡地动仪基本相似,但在时间上却晚了1700多年。
我国第一个地震观测台是1930年由着名地震学家李善邦主持建立的,位置在北京鹫峰。经过半个多世纪的奋斗,我国地震台由一个发展到几百个,目前已拥有全国基本台网,大地震速报台网,都可以由地震仪记录下来,并报送到中国地震局分析预报中心,使我国地震观测技术处于世界前列。
地震仪(seismograph),它能客观而及时地将地面的振动记录下来。其基本原理是利用一件悬挂的重物的惯性,地震发生时地面振动而它保持不动。由地震仪记录下来的震动是一条具有不同起伏幅度的曲线,称为地震谱。曲线起伏幅度与地震波引起地面振动的振幅相应,它标志着地震的强烈程度。从地震谱可以清楚地辨别出各类震波的效应。纵波与横波到达同一地震台的时间差,即时差与震中离地震台的距离成正比,离震中越远,时差越大。由此规律即可求出震中离地震台的距离,即震中距。世界上最早的地震仪是我国东汉时代的著名科学家张衡发明的。
地动仪的构造主要是:以其中央竖立着一根铜制的细杆名叫都柱,由于它的重心高,支面小,稳度就小,一旦受到震动容易失去平衡。细杆周围有8组跟龙嘴上唇相连的联动机构。当某地发生地震时,振动传到地动仪,都柱就倒向震源方向,推动联动机构转动。龙嘴上唇脱勾,龙嘴张开龙嘴中的小铜球就落到它下面的蛤蟆嘴里。
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