提高植物的抗盐性有哪些途径?

2025-03-16 06:52:10
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

加强适应锻炼,如把小麦幼苗逐步放在0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%的NaCl溶液中进行水培,小麦能在0.5%NaCl溶液中的正常生长,而若直接放在0.5%的NaCl溶液中,幼苗长势很差,会受到严重的盐害,因此可利用植物在个体发育的早期有较大可塑性的特点,通过给以适度的盐分处理来提高植物生育后期对盐渍的适应能力。使用生长激素,如在盐渍土上的棉花喷施50mg/kgIAA(吲哚乙酸),可以刺激生长,对受盐胁迫的小麦若喷施50mg/kgIAA溶液,则能明显地缓解盐害,ABA(脱落酸)能诱导气孔关闭,减少蒸腾作用和盐的被动吸收,也可提高根对水分的吸收和输导,防止水分缺失,提高作物的抗盐能力。选育抗盐性品种。抗盐能力因种而异。抗盐性最普遍的生理指标是原生质对盐的透性。抗盐性强的植物原生质膜具有很低的透性,在同种盐渍条件下,吸收盐类明显少于抗盐弱的品种,在一定程度上加强了拒盐的作用,所以可利用生理生化指标鉴定、选育抗盐性较强的品种来提高植物抗盐性。

此外,采取适当的栽培措施也能减轻植物肥害的危害程度。温室和塑料大棚,夏、秋结合抗旱灌水或利用降水进行洗盐,避免土壤溶液浓度过高;也可采用土壤深翻或覆盖地膜、稻草、麦秸(糠)等,以减少土壤水分蒸发,减轻盐害的发生。苗床和塑料大棚,要注意施肥后,应及时适当揭膜通风换气,降低棚内有毒、有害气体浓度,减轻可能造成的伤害。适当增施二氧化碳气肥,使植株生长健壮旺盛,增加产量。

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