推荐回答(1个)
工欲善其事 必先利其器
工具是雕刻家从事创作的最直接的助手和伴侣。在雕刻的工艺制作过程中,雕刻刀及其辅助工具起到十分重要的作用。俗话说:“人巧莫如家什妙”、“三分手艺七分家什”。看一个人的手艺如何,只须观察一下他的工具便能知晓,而工具的保养修饰,也能证明劳动者素质的高低。
在橄榄核雕刻创作中,工具齐备,会磨会用,不仅能提高工作效率,而且在造型上能充分发挥自己的技巧,使行刀运凿洗炼洒脱,清晰流畅,增加作品的艺术表现力。雕刻刀的种类有很多,最宽的凿有4-6厘米,最窄的凿只有针尖那么点儿。
初学雕刻者在选择刀具时,首先要了解它们各自的用途,然后再到产地、厂家或铁匠铺里定制购买。雕刻刀以浙江东阳、温州乐清和苏州光福出产的为好,苏州工艺之乡光福舟山的橄榄核雕刀是全国一流的,有些地方的美术材料用品商店里也能买到比较合适的雕刻工具。
如果在不方便或买不到的情况下,可以学会自己做,自己做的好处还在于无论刀的种类、大小形状,都可由自己选择决定,可根据不同的用途和需要随时添置得心应手的工具。下面逐个介绍橄榄核雕刻刀具的用法与功能~!
一;尖刀
刃口呈三角形,因其锋面在左右二侧,锋利集点就在中角上。主要用于刻毛发刻装饰线纹,也是版画与水印木刻艺术制版时常用的一种工具,操作时刀尖在木板上推进,木屑从三角槽内吐出,刀尖推过的部位便刻画出线条来。尖刀的功能基本上是为了突出作品的层次感,比如衣服与肉的区分! 还有就是开出人物的面部也需要用到尖刀~!
二:半圆刀
刃口呈圆弧形,多用于圆形和圆凹痕处,在雕刻传统花卉上也有很大用处,如花叶、花瓣及花枝干的圆面都需用圆刀适形处理。圆刀横向运刀比较省力,对大的起伏、小的变化都能适应。而且圆刀的线条不肯定,使用起来灵活且便于探索。根据不同的用途,圆刀的型号应有所区别,大小范围基本在5厘米-0.5厘米之间六种。
做圆雕人物的刀口两角要磨去,呈圆弧形,否则雕衣纹或其它凹痕时,不但推不动,还会破损凹痕道的两旁。倘若做浮雕时,则应保留刀口两角,并利用其角尖的功能雕刻地子角落处,因此要配备二种。圆刀还有正反之别,斜面在槽内、刀背呈挺直的为正口圆刀,它吃刀比较深,最适合做圆雕,尤其是在出坯和掘坯阶段。斜面在刀背上,槽内呈挺直的为反口圆刀,吃木比较深活,能平缓的走刀或剔地,在浮雕中用途更大。
圆刀的形状还可根据需要做成铁杆弯曲形,以便伸进较深的部位挖雕镂洞。半圆刀基本上是来突出作品的凹凸部位的表达,比如人物的面部的肌肉,与衣服的褶皱~!这些工具的握法~!基本上是右手的食指与母指握刀在以中指来稳定刀具,左手持作品与稳定刀具(因个人喜好来定)
三:推刀
刃口呈平直,主要用于劈削铲平料面的凹凸,使其平滑无痕。型号大的也能用来凿大型,有块面感,运用得法,如绘画的笔触效果,显得刚劲有力,生动自然。平刀的锐角能刻线,二刀相交时能剔除刀脚或印刻图案。瑞典和苏联的木雕人物就多用平刀,有强烈的木趣刀味 推刀基本上分为大号、中号、小号~!(大小也与个人的喜好来决定)握法基本也与其它刀一致~!推刀主要是用来修底的~!比如开丝.与刮刀难以进入的地方,薄艺上就经常用到推刀~!
具体操作因人而异,不尽相同。艺人们有时还会根椐个人爱好和使用习惯制作出各种不同的刀具。在传统的工艺雕刻中,雕刻工具往往多达百余件,当然,经常使用的只是以上介绍的几种,有的只是偶尔使用一下。
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