推荐回答(1个)
指对无法救治的病人停止治疗或使用药物,让病人无痛苦地死去。
“安乐死”一词源于希腊文,意思是"幸福"的死亡。它包括两层含义,一是安乐的无痛苦死亡;二是无痛致死术; [编辑本段]我国对安乐死的定义 患不治之症的病人在垂危状态下,由于精神和躯体的极端痛苦,在病人和其亲友的要求下,经医生认可,用人道方法使病人在无痛苦状态中结束生命过程。
对重度精神病患者、重度残疾人及处于不可逆昏迷中的植物人,实施使其在无痛苦感受中死去的行为。狭义专指对身患绝症、临近死亡、处于极度痛苦之中的患者,实施促使其迅速无痛苦死亡的一种方式。又称无痛苦死亡。一般多指后者。各国对安乐死是否合法存在争论。持肯定态度的学者认为安乐死必须符合下列条件:
①从现代医学知识和技术上看,病人患不治之症并已临近死期;
②病人极端痛苦,不堪忍受;
③必须是为解除病人死前痛苦,而不是为亲属、国家、社会利益而实施;
④必须有病人神志清醒时的真诚嘱托或同意;
⑤原则上必须由医师执行;
⑥必须采用社会伦理规范所承认的妥当方法。
实施安乐死的操作程序
实施安乐死的行为在满足法定的实体条件的前提下,还必须严格按照程序规则来操作。在程序设计上,笔者认为有四个关键的内容需要规范:一是病人的申请;二是医师的诊断;三是病人与医师协议的达成;四是医师实施安乐死的行为。而贯穿始终的是法院的主持和监督以及公证机关的公证。法院和公证机关的“第三者”的中立姿态在此程序中必须得到淋漓尽致的展现。
(1)病人向法院提出申请。申请一律采用书面形式。当病人表达了选择安乐死的意愿以后,病人的亲属(无亲属时可由病人的朋友)告知医院所在地市的法院(即中级人民法院)。法院及时派工作人员到病房或专门场所主持申请的书写活动。法院必须指定公证机关到场公证。书写申请之前,法院须指定医师判断病人是否处于神志清醒的状态,神志不清醒的不得进行申请的书写活动。申请书为法定标准格式,病人需要书写的主要内容是表达自己难忍病痛、自愿选择死亡的意愿。病人有书写能力的,必须亲自书写;病人无书写能力的,可自己口述申请内容,请亲属或朋友代书。代书时,公证机关必须认真公证,并制作视听资料;法院工作人员必须认真监督,以确保代书的内容与口述的内容相同。申请书写完毕以后,由公证人员当场制作公证书,证明申请的程序和内容合法有效,法院工作人员在监督书上签字。最后,申请书、公证书、监督书以及视听资料全部装入“安乐死案卷”(以下简称“案卷”),由法院保管。
(2)申请书写活动完毕以后,法院立即指定病人目前所在医院的权威医师(至少一名)以及其他医院的权威医师(至少两名)对病人的病情分别独立的进行诊断,在7天之内作出书面结论。书面结论要有医师签字和其所在医院加盖公章。书面结论的内容主要是明确判断:A、病人是否确实患有当前医疗技术无法治愈的不治之症;B、该不治之症是否确实给病人带来了极端痛苦;C、病人是否已经处于临近死期的状态;D、是否确实是除了安乐死以外别无其他办法可使病人在一个较长的连续的时间内摆脱病痛。书面结论须详细论证得出结论的医学根据。法院将几份书面结论进行比较,结论一致的,即当几份书面结论全部为肯定的时候,才能视为初步具有符合安乐死的法定条件。若有任意一份书面结论中的任一条结论为否定时,则法院裁定该病人不得申请安乐死。但病人可以要求复诊,复诊仍须按上述程序进行。复诊三次,还是不能达成一致结论的,法院裁定不得申请安乐死,亦不得再次要求复诊。在诊断结论作出以前的“等待期”中,病人可随时撤回申请(授权即无效) ... 展开
热心网友 2013-10-20
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