领导的三要素是什么?它们对领导行为分别有什么影响?

2025-03-31 09:05:59
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

1.影响力
  在现代企业中,领导者承担着越来越多的角色:
  (1)外交家:平衡外界环境,协调与其他组织的关系,争取获得最佳支持和最大资源。
  (2)传教士:宣传企业文化、理念和目标,解释组织的目的,做什么和为什么要做。
  (3)调解人:统一不同意见,化解组织冲突。
  (4)观察家:了解环境变化和趋势,洞察组织文化、结构、运作、成员的细微变化,形成理念,加以引导。
  (5)教师:训练群体成员遵照组织目标、规则,并不断提高群体成员的能力、素质,以适应组织发展需求。这些角色无不需要领导者与群体成员产生互动,而互动的结果并非取决于职权等级关系,领导者的影响力是其中的关键。
  如果说传统意义的领导主要依靠权力,那么现在的领导则更多的是靠其内在的影响力。一个好的领导者不是指身居何等高位,而是指拥有一大批追随和拥护者,并且使组织、群体取得良好绩效的人。
  公正、信念、毅力、进取精神等优秀的人格品质,也会极大地提升领导者的个人魅力,扩大其追随队伍。领导者的个人价值观会吸引具有同类价值取向的人凝聚于组织,增加对组织的认同感和归属感。同时,领导者的人格和价值观还会潜移默化地影响组织成员,成为组织默认的行为标准。良好的沟通能力是影响力的桥梁和翅膀。在准确传达领导者意见、要求、决策的同时,也广泛传播了领导者的影响力。领导者与组织成员平等交流、协商、显示合作意愿,共同开创前景,将增强组织成员的参与感、认同感和领导的持续影响力。
  2.包容心
  “明君兼听,暗君偏信”,这句出自魏征的历史名言,简洁有力地道出英明与昏庸领导者的差别。从历史上看,每次改朝换代,多半都是出现了一个“昏君”,其特质之一就是偏信小人,使欺上瞒下、阿谀奉承、残害忠良的奸人得宠,所有人都知道所用非人,只有他自己不知道。每位“昏君”也都读过历史,也知道以前的朝代是怎么灭亡的,偏偏自己还是陷了进去。可见这样一个看似简单的道理,却是知易行难。
  领导者应广纳谏言,但为什么会偏信呢?关键在于是否有一颗“宽阔的心”,接纳不同意见,包容相异的想法。喜欢听好话、乐于听到与自己一致的见解,是人.性中的一项弱点,使人容易迷失方向。英明的领导者,懂得克服这一弱点,因此即使听到他人说出不利于自己期待的想法,也愿意专注倾听,先了解对方的意思,就算最后还是不同意,也并不会因此怪罪对方,或对他产生反感。相反的,昏庸的领导者就完全是不同的表现,他们听到不乐于听的话,便封闭起自己的心,并从负面的角度对待,轻则露出不耐烦的表情,重则责怪对方、反击辩驳,此后自然没有人愿意在他面前表示意见。
  3.学习能力
  500多年前,英国学者培根就做出了“知识就是力量”的论断。但是,就知识的重要性,学习的紧迫感而言,历史上的任何时期都没有今天创建“学习型组织”这样来得突出。但创建“学习型组织”不是一件容易的事,而是否具备一位“学习型领导”是决定其成败的关键因素。
  

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