英语虚拟语气有哪几种用法。

2024-12-01 08:21:35
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测,建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 If I were you, Id take them away. 如果我是你的话,我就会带走他们。 If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him. 如果我碰见了李华,我就告诉他了。 If I had time. I could come to help you. 如果我有时间,我会来帮助你的。 He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。 He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
  虚拟语气的用法

  1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令。
  May you be happy. 祝你幸福。
  May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
  May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
  Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快! You go out! 你出去!

  2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气,宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。
  I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。
  I wish I could help him. 我希望我能帮助他。
  He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。

  动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中,"should" 可以省略。
  The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
  He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。

  3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
  在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用: should + 动词原形。
   Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。
  Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。
  Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

  4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。
  虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时,动词有三种时态形式,即现在、过去和将来。
  A.与现在事实相反的: If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。
  B.与过去事实相反的: If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。
  If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你,我就买了它。
  If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间,我会学习法语的。
  If she knew English,she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话,她不会找我帮忙的。
  If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床,就会赶上火车的。
  If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好,我就去买东西。

  有关虚拟语气的几个问题

  1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if,而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。
  Were she younger, she would do it . 如果她年青点, 她就会干的。
  Had he known her address, he would had gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址,他会去看她的。

  2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略,而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。
  I could help you. 我本来可以帮助你。
  If I had time. 我要有时间该多好啊!
  She should have come to the party. 她应该来参加聚会。
  If he had much more money. 如果他有更多的钱就能...。

  3) 虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。
  If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就会容易些。
  If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议,他就不会干得这样好。

回答2:

1.主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词,用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。2.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。
3.宾语从句中的虚拟语气

1)某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气,用来表示建议、命令和要求等。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。
2)在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气,其形式为:(should)+动词原形。这一句型中使用的形容词(宾补)与主语从句中的虚拟语气所使用的形容词相同。3)wish后面所跟的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示某种不能实现的愿望。

其主要形式有三种:
表示对现在情况的虚拟:wish +主语+动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟:wish +主语+ had +过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟:wish +主语+ would +动词原形。4. if条件句中的虚拟语气形式1)if非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的主句与从句都用虚拟语气。
在if非真实虚拟条件句中,主句和从句谓语动词主要有下面几种形式:
假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反动词过去时(be用were)Should(would,could,might)+动词原形与过去事实相反Had +过去分词Should(would,could, might)+ have +过去分词与将来事实可能相反动词过去时(should+动词原形,were to +动词原形)Should(would,could,might)+动词原形
5.含蓄虚拟条件句1)有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有:without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but等。6.其他句型中的虚拟语气1)在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well和would prefer等后面所跟的从句中,也可以用虚拟语气,表示愿望,意为“宁愿、但愿”。这就是个大概吧,我从我们的大学英语教师版网络部分里面贴过来的,这些应该都是你能看懂的,其他的,我感觉有点难度的就略去了,希望对你有帮助,谢谢