推荐回答(4个)
检查砖的组砌方法是否正确,有没有通缝;墙体的垂直和平整度,拉结筋放置是否正确;砂浆饱满度是否达到80%,砂浆强度是否符合设计要求;砖的强度、规格尺寸是否正确
注意砂浆的配合比 如过天气炎热 采用铺浆法砌砖时 铺浆长度不可超过50CM 要做到砂浆饱满、横平竖直、同时要勾缝
砌砖应该注意砖本身的质量,墙的位置 检查墙的平整度、垂直度、灰逢的饱满度、施工逢的预留位置等
一、脚手眼
为了安全生产、方便施工,在砖砌体工程施工时要留置一定数量的脚手眼,经补砌的脚手眼对砌体的整体性或多或少会带来不利影响,特别是脚手眼的位置将直接影响砌体的质量,因此《砌体工程施工质量验收规范》OB50203-2002规定,不得在下列墙体或部位设置脚手眼:
1、120厚墙、料石清水墙和独立柱;
2、过梁上与过梁成60°角的三角形范围及过梁净跨度1/2的高度范围内;
3、宽度小于1m的窗间墙;
4、砌体门窗洞口两侧200mm和转角处450mm范围内;
5、梁或梁垫下及其左右500mm范围内;
6、设计不允许设置脚手眼的部位;
在施工中不仅严格要按上述规定留置脚手眼,而且要严格按规范要求补砌脚手眼。补砌时应先将洞眼内的灰渣清理干净,并对墙面和要塞的砖充分润湿,传统的这种做法很难使砂浆填塞饱满。在家乐园工程施工中本人建议对所有脚手眼提前充分润湿后,用C20细石混凝土补眼,这样不仅增强了墙面的整体性,提高劳动效率,而且保证了砌体的质量,收到了很好的效果。
二、砖的含水率
砌筑前浇水是砖砌体施工工艺的一个组成部分,砖的润湿程度对砌体的施工质量影响较大,适宜的含水率不久可以提高砖与砂浆之间的粘结力,提高砌体的抗剪强度,也可以使砂浆强度保持正常增长,提高砌体的抗压强度,同时适宜的含水率也可以使砂浆在操作面上保证一定的摊铺流动性能,便于施工操作,有利于保证砂浆的饱满度。这些对确保砌体施工质量和力学性能都十分有利。因此,施工时应严格控制砖的含水率,《砌体工程施工质量验收规范》GB50203-2002规定,砌筑砖砌体前,砖应提前1-2天浇水润湿,现场检验砖的含水率的简易方法采用断砖法,当砖截面四周融水深度为15-20mm时,视为符合要求的适宜含水率。
三、砂浆搅拌和使用时间
为了降低劳动强度和克服人工拌制砂浆不易搅拌均匀的缺点,规定砂浆应采用机械搅拌。同时,为使物料充分拌合,保证砂浆拌和的质量,从投料完算起,对不同砂浆品种分别规定了搅拌时间为:
1、水泥砂浆和水泥混合砂浆不得少于2min;
2、水泥粉煤灰砂浆和掺用外加剂的砂浆不得少于3min;
3、掺用有机塑化剂的砂浆,应为3-Smin。
砂浆应随拌随用,水泥砂浆和水泥混合砂浆应分别在3h和4h内使用完毕; 当施工期间最高气温超过3012时,应分别在拌成后2h和3h内使用完毕。否则,砂浆强度降低超过20%。四、开槽凿洞
砌体工程在施工过程中,由于要安装水、暖、电等管线,在已砌好的砌体上随意开槽、开洞,严重影响着砌体的质量,特别是在暗埋电线管路时,随意开凿横槽,把240mm厚砖墙凿去了80-120mm,严重削弱了承重墙的有效截面,而且极有可能将砌体打穿、打松,甚至有的在砖柱上打洞将砖柱凿去了一半,这些洞槽填补后,很难保证原有的质量,使砌体的强度严重受损,建议在房屋结构施工过程中,对所有埋墙管线及管道℃必须要事先预留,并且要留准、留对,对遗留的孔洞应采用冲击钻在正确位置上开凿,避免用钢錾、大锤开凿,对暗埋的电线管(包括强弱电)应采用预埋的方式施工,竖向暗埋的管线可考虑预埋在构造柱里,从构造柱引上或引下,水平暗埋的管线可考虑预埋在圈梁内,各竖向暗埋的分支管路应从圈梁中的水平向管线分出,严禁横向开凿,避免事后开凿。
五、施工洞口
为了施工方便,在墙体上留置临时洞口确实难免,但洞口位置不当或洞口过大,虽经补砌,也必然削弱墙体的整体性,因此规范规定在墙上留置临时洞口,其侧边离交接处墙面不应小于500mm,洞口净宽度不应小于1m。抗震设防烈度为9度地区建筑物的临时施工洞口的位置,应会同设计单位确定,临时施工洞口应做好补砌。
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