推荐回答(4个)

本区属亚热带向暖温带过渡的气候带,温暖湿润,雨量充足,多集中于夏季。年平均气温13-16℃,最冷月(1月)气温0-4℃,最热月(7月)气温26-29℃,极端最高42.9℃,极端最低温度-17.4℃,≥10℃积温4500-5000℃。年降雨量1000毫米以上,无霜期210-250天,日照时数2000-2300小时。夏季高温伏旱,冬季降雪时有严寒。
品种特性:
游客是百绿集团在澳大利亚培育的南方冬季高产型紫花苜蓿品种,秋眠级为8级,该品种分枝密集、细茎、多叶,抗病虫害,适合在降雨量高和排水良好的苜蓿生产区种植,对酸性和碱性土壤适应性强,非常适合我国四川、贵州、云南、重庆等南方地区种植,用以生产高质量的干草和放牧家畜。另外,游客的持续性很好,依管理水平不同,可持续利用4~5年。游客的根颈较低,对放牧和刈割利用均有非常好的适应性。
栽培管理技术:
土壤与耕作:
在降雨量高的地方,最好种植在地势较高或者河岸边的高地上。播种游客的田地,在前茬收割后,要及时耕地消灭杂草,秋后耙磨镇压,保墒蓄水。灌区秋耕后,进行灌水,开春播前耙磨镇压,达到表层疏松、土壤细碎、地面平整。根据土壤肥力状况,耕地时施入有机肥1000-2000公斤/亩、过磷酸钙50~100公斤/亩做底肥。
播种时间:
游客可秋播亦可春播。秋季墒情好,冬季不太严寒,越冬前株高能够达到10~15厘米的地区可秋播,此时,杂草为害较轻,播种效果最为理想。
播种方式及播种量:
单播时的播种量为1.0~1.5公斤/亩,播种深度1~2厘米,行距25~30厘米。播前用根瘤菌拌种,随拌随播。游客与雅晴多年生黑麦草、楷模鸭茅、多维苇状羊茅、歌德白三叶等混播效果好。混播时,播种量为0.5~1.0公斤/亩,根据需要,混播时的播种量可适当增加。
田间管理:
如果春播游客,应注意苗期中耕除草;如果是秋播,由于游客幼苗活力高,冬季生长迅速,一般杂草危害不严重。旱作区每次刈割后要及时松土、施追肥;灌区结合施肥进行浇水,促进再生。施肥以复合肥为主,可不施氮肥或少施。
利用方式: 游客叶茎比高,叶片保留性好,而且茎干细而柔软,非常适合生产高品质的草捆或其他草产品;如作放牧地利用,非常适合放牧奶牛、基础母羊等对营养需求较高的家畜。如果刈割利用,不论青刈还是调制干草,最适宜的收割时期为孕蕾至初花期,此时游客达到产量与饲喂品质的一个平衡点。
苜蓿是很好的牧草,在山东种植很适合。
苜蓿以“牧草之王”著称,不仅产量高,而且草质优良,各种畜禽均喜食。我国苜蓿的种植面积约133万hm^2。随着商品经济的发展,苜蓿产业化规模发展较快,苜蓿的种植面积正在扩大。为了更科学地种植苜蓿,提高苜蓿产品的质量和产量,现将苜蓿耕作与栽培管理技术要点介绍如下:
苜蓿的初生根能深入地下。植株生长20年以上时,若底土多孔则主根可深达15公尺(50尺)以上,因此苜蓿对干旱的耐受能力极强。生长2个月时籽苗的根可深入土壤90公分,5个月时达180公分(6尺)。常见这种情况:新栽种的苜蓿能耐受严重的夏天干旱而其它根系较浅、分支较多的豆科植物因不耐干旱而死亡。
苜蓿茎枝收割后能迅速再生出大量新茎,因此每个生长季节内可收割干草1次至13次之多。可收割的次数及每个生长季节的总产量主要决定于生长季节的长度、对土壤的适应性, 阳光是否充足,尤其是生长季节降雨及灌溉的数量和分布。绿叶的苜蓿干草营养丰富,为牲畜所爱食,含约16%的蛋白质及8%的矿物质,又富含维生素A、E、D及K。
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