推荐回答(2个)
蟹爪兰的生长规律是春季抽生新节,夏季休眠,秋季孕育花蕾,冬季开花。多用扦插、嫁接繁殖。嫁接繁殖的砧木可用仙人掌、量天尺等。下面介绍一下用仙人掌嫁接蟹爪兰的一些方法,仅供参考。
一、嫁接时间
嫁接时间在春末夏初,或夏末秋初均可,但以春末夏初嫁接最好(4月底——6月初)。这时正值蟹爪兰和仙人掌的生长旺季,可选得理想的接穗和砧木;另外此时温度适宜,接穗和砧木的亲合力强,不易腐烂,成活率相对来说就比较高。
二、接穗和砧木的选择
接穗应选用生长旺盛的嫩枝条、选择带有顶尖的部分最理想,长约8-10厘米。用仙人掌做砧木,选用专门用来做砧木单养的一年生单片仙人掌,长约15厘米左右,肉质要薄厚适中。
三、嫁接方法
首先将选好的接穗从植株(也称母本)上切下来,最好用经过消毒的锋利小刀把做砧木的仙人掌顶部切掉,然后用刀片轻轻地将接穗正反两面的表皮消掉,削皮的时候尽量削得平滑些,并削成楔形,长度在3厘米-3.5厘米之间,并用预先准备好的削成楔形的竹签从仙人掌顶部中心位置慢慢插入,深度约为3.5厘米左右,宽度略大于接穗的茎片宽度。然后将接穗轻轻插入接口内,为防止其滑脱胎换骨,要用仙人掌的刺插住接穗,进行固定,待成活后可拔也可不拔,这样蟹爪兰就算嫁接好了。
四、接后管理
蟹爪兰嫁接好了,只是嫁接繁殖的第一步,以后的管理对蟹爪兰的成活也非常重要。1、要做好遮荫避光工作。刚刚接了的蟹爪兰,因其才脱胎换骨离植株,极易因失水过多而萎蔫,所以此时一定要将其移到遮荫处,使其减少水分的蒸发。2、嫁接好后,要适量浇水,保持盆土略湿即可。一般情况下,三、四天浇水一次,浇水时千万小心,避免水进入切口。3、适时施肥。嫁接后,如果过半月后仍不萎蔫,说明其已成活,可在一个月后适量施肥,及时供给植株生长所需的养分。4、及时搭架。蟹爪兰嫁接成活后,因其茎片较软,故在其生长过程中应及时搭架固定并适当绑缚,以保持株形的完整美观。5、要及时防病治虫。蟹爪兰易得腐烂病。如有腐烂病发生,可用消过毒的小刀刮除,并用硫磺粉涂抹消毒。蟹爪兰的虫害主要是介壳虫和蚜虫。如有发生,数量较少时,可用毛刷刷除;数量较多时,可用1000倍液的40%氧化乐果乳油或50%杀螟松乳油进行喷杀,隔20天再喷一次。也可用洗衣粉按重量比1:150加水,搅匀后每隔5天喷一次,连续喷洒2-3次可防治。平时保持透风透光,经常清洗茎片表面,花蕾形成后避免雨水直接淋洒,因为蟹爪兰要数十朵乃至数百朵集中一次开放才好看,最忌大小蕾继续开入,不成气势,帮此每叶片顶端只留一个花芽,其余去掉,花蕾大小一致,去掉细小的蕾。另外,注意花期不要随意搬动花盆,否则会引起断茎,造成落花落蕾。
这种繁殖方法简便易行,接后不仅植株长势旺盛,且翌年就可开花。
过去,蟹爪兰嫁接成活后,还要培育2—3年才能开花。现在,在扦插仙人掌(砧木)的同时,就将带花蕾的蟹爪兰(接穗)嫁接上去,不等仙人掌成活后再进行。这样从扦插仙人掌,到蟹爪兰形成花芽和开花,整个生长发育时间大大缩短。一般9月中旬嫁接,元旦即可见花,前后只有4个多月。由于采用的是大枝嫁接,一次成型,因此成活后的蟹爪兰就像已生长了5—6年的大株。现将具体操作介绍于下:
一、嫁接材料 首先选择肉质茎块肥厚的仙人掌做砧木,因为仙人掌肥大,内部贮藏的营养丰富,对提高成活率有保证。选好后用1000倍的敌敌畏和800倍的托布津喷雾,预防糠片介壳虫和腐烂病等。花盆以大泥盆为好,彩瓷盆和釉盆最好留着开花时作套盆用。培养土用田园土4份、煤球灰5份、干肥 l份配制,经夏天曝晒2—3天后,再用福尔马林喷雾杀菌。此外再备芽接刀一把(或用水果刀代替),刀口要锋利,并用药棉消毒。针刺以仙人掌的叶刺最好,用大头针或蔑丝代替也可。上述材料需在9月中旬全部备好。
二、选割接穗 接穗要挑选茎片粗壮、节数和分枝较多的,每个枝的顶端,要有芝麻大的花芽。为了提高嫁接成活率,接穗最好随割随接。如需远途运输或隔2—3天嫁接,必须将接穗茎片放进塑料袋内,扎紧袋口,以保温保湿。
三、嫁接时间和技术 9月中旬,选择晴天进行。嫁接前先用药棉把嫁接刀消毒,而后把选好的仙人掌割下,扦插到培养土中,四周要揿紧揿牢。接着在仙人掌顶端,
选适当位置割去少量茎肉,露出切口。嫁接口处割几个切口,要视仙人掌茎片的大小而定。然后用刀尖插进切口,刀口要横切,刀尖要插在茎片的中间,不可偏倚一边。刀口深度应是接穗的4/5,宽度和接穗基部相似。接着,把接穗基部一节的表皮轻轻削去,随即插进切口。因为是大枝嫁接,所以要把基部一节茎片全部埋进切口深处。插好后用两根茎刺戳穿固定,并设支柱扶持接穗,以利成活。最后把花盆移到遮荫通风处,勿让阳光直射。如遇气温突然下降,晚上需用塑料袋罩上,早上再除去。当天浇足水后,隔3天见土干时再浇,水多易烂根。浇水时不要溅入嫁接口,以防霉烂。
如果想获得一树多花的效果,可在同一株仙人掌上嫁接几个品种(3-6个最好),这样开花时就会五颜六色了。此法成活率很高,简单易行,值得推广。
蟹爪兰如何嫁接在仙人掌上?养花师傅分享经验,赶紧来学习一下吧社会 生活 养殖业 花卉 蟹爪莲嫁接仙人掌
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