推荐回答(2个)
阅读是吸取,写作是倾吐.”叶圣陶先生在谈语文教学时如是说.阅读与写作犹如人体的呼吸吐纳一样,是语文教学不可分割的两个重要部分,剥离了 阅读谈写作,无异于纸上谈兵,这样学生的文学作品鉴赏水平难以提高,缺乏足够的阅读储备垫底,更无法写出内涵丰富的文章.然而,近年来,不少语文教师偏偏 割裂了阅读与写作的关系,为寻求常识而单纯解读文本,为应付作文考试而编制教学套路,语文教学逐渐失去了其本身的魅力.不少老师为没有系统的写作教材而费 心劳神,往往感到作文教学难以入手,很多学生不会学以致用,不懂得从阅读中汲取写作的养分,写起文章来一编二凑三造假,成了语文教学中令人头疼的“灰色风 景”.“语文教材无非是个例子,凭这个例子要使学生能够举一反三,练就阅读和写作的熟练技巧.”(叶圣陶语).其实,语文教材中选取了大量经典篇目,其文 思、内容、表现手法有很多可取之处,完全应该成为学生写作的优秀范文.我们在语文教学中,应该把读写有机结合,在阅读教学中渗透写作训练,这不仅可以提高 学生的文本鉴赏能力,而且能够有效促进听、说、读、写等语文综合素养的提高.那么,怎样将写作指导与阅读教学有机结合呢?在教学实践与探索中,我总结出以 下几种操作性较强的随笔写作形式:一、仿写奠基,探索写作入门之道模仿是人类的本能.每个人最初的语言就是通过模仿开始的.作为语言学科的语文学习也是如 此,仿写无疑是读写结合的最基础、最实用的形式,是初学写作者提高作文水平的有效途径.近年来,语文考查形式灵活多样,知识面非常广泛,其中“仿写题”一 度成为中考的必考项目.但是不少学生对此却束手无策,连最基本的语句表达都掌握不好,这反映了语文教学中一个潜在的问题——读写两张皮.这样肢解文本、简 单肤浅教学的结果是,有的学生只会回答文学文体常识填空选择类得题目,却不会用这些常识赏析文本,更不会将这些写作常识、方法活用于作文之中.针对学生 “死读书”、“读死书”的弊病,我们在阅读教学中必须渗透写作训练,从仿写入手把好作文教学的入门关.仿写借鉴也是一种技巧,它可以是多角度、多层次的: 如语句方面的,可以做句子结构的仿写,整、散句式的仿写;如修辞手法的,常用的比喻、拟人、排比、对偶等仿写;如语段方面,可以是语段结构的仿写,表达方 式运用的仿写;如全文仿写,可以仿写范文的立意选材,可以仿写范文的谋篇布局,还可以仿写范文的表现手法……在阅读教学中最常用的是仿句练习和仿段练习. 遣词造句能力的培养是写好文章的基础.在教学中,我常常抓住那些词汇量丰富、句式特点明显、修辞运用巧妙的句子让学生仿写,锻炼他们精确表达的能力.流沙 河的《理想》中写道:“理想是石头,敲出星星之火;理想是火,点燃熄灭的灯;理想是灯,照亮夜行的路;理想是路,引你走向黎明.”诗句运用顶真、连比的修 辞手法,把理想的意义形象地表现了出来.我要求学生以“理想”(或“信念”“友谊”等)为关键词展开联想想象仿写句子,学生活学活用,联系生活实际写出了 不少生动而富有哲理的句子.朱自清先生的《春》是一篇经典散文,文章描绘了春花、春风、春雨、春草、迎春等美丽的春景图,准确生动地运用了大量的动词、形 容词和比喻、拟人、引用等修辞手法,并调动视觉、嗅觉、听觉、触觉等不同感官描绘春天,由实到虚,虚实结合,动静相衬,轻灵的文字充满了诗情画意.我引导 学生在赏读优美语段的基础上,指导学生关注家乡季节变化,选准某一点或一个方面,从表现手法、修辞运用等方面进行仿写,用手中的妙笔、用自己的热情关注家 乡的美好风光.因为题材内容距离我们的生活实际较近,学生比较感兴趣,有话可说,有情可抒,最后涌现出许多文思俱佳的语段.我们除了开展片段仿写练习外, 还可以开展文本整体仿写练笔活动.教材中的选文大多是文质兼美的精品,其思想立意、结构、语言、表现手法各有特色.
记叙?议论?说明?抒情?这些应该可以突出语文的特点吧
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