我要一个成语故事

杀鸡取卵：从前有个人，家里养了只老母鸡，这只鸡特别能下蛋，可有一段时间这只鸡老是不下蛋，而且还病歪歪的。那个人想，这鸡不下蛋留着也没什么用了，就杀了这只鸡，破开鸡肚子后发现这只鸡生病的原因原来是生了胆结石，大大小小的胆结石就像鸡蛋一样。杀鸡的时候正巧邻家的快嘴婆祥林嫂过来串门。看到后就四处乱说，说这人杀鸡取卵，鼠目寸光，把好好的一只能下蛋的老母鸡给杀了。

毛遂自荐：毛遂这人是个文学青年，经常写点小文章在网上发表一下，可是网易的版主和网友们都不喜欢他写的文章，因为文章写得太烂了。在BBS上混了一两年了，写的文章没几个回帖，版主也不给个“荐”字，搞得毛遂很不爽。所以后来在BBS上发文章的时候，毛遂都要在文章题目后面自己加上一个“荐”字。比如《有了快感你别喊》“荐”。《我是一个伟大的小丑》“荐”。写手们和版主对他这种自欺欺人的做法哭笑不得，于是就把这种做法形容为“毛遂自荐”。

三顾茅庐：三国时，刘备想请诸葛亮出山辅佐他打天下，于是就去陇中请他。刘备的老板刘表一向就对刘备不满，平日里给他准备的饭都是残羹冷炙。这天，刘备吃过饭，到诸葛亮那里坐了没一会儿，肚子就开始疼，一会儿工夫就上了三次厕所，诸葛亮心想，老刘今天身体不好，拉肚子还辛苦地跑到我这里来看我，很感动，于是就出山了。厕所在农村又叫茅房，茅厕，茅庐。于是后人就把这段典故形容为“三顾茅庐”。

望梅止渴：曹操有一次行军打仗，士兵们走得都很累，没有精神也没有斗志。曹操就骗他们说：“前面有个梅庄，梅庄里有个梅小姐，长得天姿国色，艳美无双，谁第一个到达战场，我就把梅小姐许配给他做老婆。”士兵们一听都来了精神，一个个口水都流下来了。终于在规定时间到达了官渡，打败了袁绍，后人称这个典故为“望梅止渴”。

洛阳纸贵 luò yáng zhǐ guì

English

晋代文学家左思，小时候是个非常顽皮、不爱读书的孩子。父亲经常为这事发脾气，可是小左思仍然淘气得很，不肯好好学习。

有一天，左思的父亲与朋友们聊天，朋友们羡慕他有个聪明可爱的儿子。左思的父亲叹口气说：“快别提他了，小儿左思的学习，还不如我小时候，看来没有多大的出息了。”说着，脸上流露出失望的神色。这一切都被小左思看到听到了，他非常难过，觉得自己不好好念书确实很没出息。于是，暗暗下定决心，一定要刻苦学习。

日复一日，年复一年，左思渐渐长大了，由于他坚持不懈地发奋读书，终于成为一位学识渊博的人，文章也写得非常好。他用一年的时间写成了《齐都赋》，显示出他在文学方面的才华，为他成为杰出的文学家奠定了基础。这以后他又计划以三国时魏、蜀、吴首都的风土、人情、物产为内容，撰写《三都赋》。为了在内容、结构、语言诸方面都达到一定水平，他潜心研究，精心撰写，废寝忘食，用了整整十年，文学巨著《三都赋》终于写成了。

《三都赋》受到谅也评，人们把它和汉代文学杰作《两都赋》相比。由于当时还没有发明印刷术，喜爱《三都赋》的人只能争相抄阅，因为抄写的人太多，京城洛阳的纸张供不应求，一时间全城纸价大幅度上升。

故事出自《晋书·文苑·左思传》。成语“洛阳纸贵”，称颂杰出的作品风行一进。

Overwhelming Popularity of a New Work Causes Shortage of Printing Paper

In the Jin Dynasty (265-420) there was a famous writer whose name was Zuo Si who, however, was very naughty and did not like to study when he was a small kid.His father often got angry, and yet young Zuo Si was as naughty as ever and would not study hard.

One day, Zuo Si's father was chatting with his friends. his friends envied him his clever and loverly son. Hearing this, Zuo si's father sighed, "Please do not mention him. My son Zuo si does not study as well as I did when I was young, although I did not study well enough myself. It appears that he is actually a good-for-nothing." So saying, he looked disappointed. All this was witnessed by young Zuo Si. He felt very sad, feeling intensely that he would not be able to have a bright future if he did not study hard. So he was determined to study assiduously from then on. Day after day and year after year, Zuo Si gradually grew up. Because of his unremitting afforts in hard study, he became an erudite scholar and wrote very excellent essays. The "Ode to the Capital of the State of Qi", which took him one year to write, showed his brilliant literary talent and laid the foundation for his becoming an outstanding writer. then he planned to write an "Ode to the Capitals of the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu Han and Wu" with the local conditions and customs as well as the produce of the three capitals as its content. In order to achieve the desired effect in content, structure and language, he applied himself to research work with great concentration, and was so absorbed in creative writing as to forget food and sleep. It took him ten whole years to finish the writing of "Ode to the Capitals of the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu Han and Wu", a literary masterpiece.

The "Ode to the Capitals of the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu Han and Wu" was well received by the broad masses of readers after it made its appearance to the public, and people considered it as superbly written as the "Ode to the Western Capital (Changan) and to the Eastern Capital (Luoyang)" written by Ban Gu (32-92) and the "Ode to the Western Capital and to the Eastern Capital" written by Zhang Heng of the Han Dynasty (206 B.C. to A.D.220). As the art of printing had not been invented at that time, people who were fond of this "Ode" had to make handwritten copies of it themselves. As there were so many people who vied with each other in making handwritten copies, the supply of writing paper fell short of the demand in Luoyang went up greatly.

This story comes from "The life of Zuo Si" in the book "Literary Field" of The History of the Jin Dynasty. Based on this story, people have coined the set phrase "the price of writing paper went up greatly", meaning the overwhelming popularity of a new work causes shortage of printing paper, to show how popular an outstanding piece of literary work is.

后来居上
汲黯是西汉武帝时代人，以刚直正义、敢讲真话而受人尊重。他为人和做官都不拘小节，讲求实效。虽然表面上不那么轰轰烈烈，却能把一个郡治理得井井有条，因此，朝廷把他从东海太守调到朝廷当主爵都尉——一种主管地方吏任免的官职。

有一次，汉武帝说要实行儒家的仁义之政，为老百姓办好事了。没等皇帝把话说完，汲黯就说：“陛下内心里那么贪婪多欲，表面上却要装得实行仁政，这是何苦呢？”一句话把皇帝噎了回去。汉武帝登时脸色大变，宣布罢朝，满朝文武都为汲黯捏着一把汗，担心他会因此招来大祸。武帝回到宫里以后，对身边的人说，汲黯这个人也未免太粗太直了。

从此以后，汲黯的官职再也没有提升。他当主爵都尉的时候，公孙弘、张汤都还是不起眼的小官，后来，他们一个劲儿住上升，公孙弘当上了丞相，张汤做上了御史大夫，可他汲黯还蹲在原地没动窝。有一天，汲黯对武帝说，陛下使用群臣，跟码劈柴一样，是“后来者居上”啊！汉武帝当然听得出这是发牢骚。于是，转脸对臣下们说：“人真是不能不学习啊！你们听汲黯说话，越来越离谱了！”

故事出自《史记·汲郑列传》。成语“后来居上”，往往指后起的可以胜过先前的。和汲黯说这话的原意，大不相同。

杞人忧天

从前在杞国，有一个胆子很小，而且有点神经质的人，他常会想到一些奇怪的问题，而 让人觉得莫名其妙。

有一天，他吃过晚饭以后，拿了一把大蒲扇，坐在门前程量，并且自言自语的说： “假如有一天，天塌了下来，那该怎么办呢？我们岂不是无路可逃，而将活活地被压 死，这不就太冤枉了吗？”

从此以后，他几乎每天为这个问题发愁、烦恼，朋友见他终日精神恍惚，脸色憔悴，都 很替他担心，但是，当大家知道原因后，都跑来劝他说：“老兄啊！你何必为这件事自寻烦恼呢？天空怎么会塌下来呢？在说即使真的塌下来， 那也不是你一个人忧虑发愁就可以解决的啊，想开点吧！”

可是，无论人家怎么说，他都不相信，仍然时常为这个不必要的问题担忧。

后来的人就根据上面这个故事，引伸成“杞人忧天”这句成语，它的主要意义在唤醒人 们不要为一些不切实际的事情而忧愁。它与“庸人自扰”的意义大致相同。

东施效颦

西施是中国历史上的「四大美女」之一，是春秋时期越国人，她的一举一动都十分吸引人，只可惜她的身体不好，有心痛的毛病。有一次，她在河边洗完衣服准备回家，就在回家的路上，突然因为胸口疼痛，所以就她就用手扶住胸口，皱着眉头。虽然她的样子非常难受不舒服，但是见到的村民们却都在称赞，说她这样比平时更美丽。同村有位名叫东施的女孩，因为她的长相并不好看，他看到村里的人都夸赞西施用手扶住的样子很美丽，于是也学着西施的样子扶住胸口，皱着眉头，在人们面前慢慢地走动，以为这样就有人称赞她。她本来就长得丑，再加上刻意地模仿西施的动作，装腔作势的怪样子，让人更加厌恶。有人看到之后，赶紧关上大门；有些人则是急忙拉妻儿躲得远远的，他们比以前更加瞧不起东施了！

东施只知道西施皱着眉的样子美丽，却不知道这是因为西施本身美貌的原因，刻意地去模仿，结果只给后人留下「东施效颦」的笑话

不学无术
汉武帝在位的时候，大将军霍光是朝廷举足轻重的大臣，深得武帝信任。武帝监死前，把幼子刘弗陵（昭帝）托付给霍光辅佐。昭帝去世后，霍光立刘询做皇帝（宣帝）。霍光掌握朝政大权四十多年，为西汉王朝立下了不小的功勋。

望梅止渴：曹操有一次行军打仗，士兵们走得都很累，没有精神也没有斗志。曹操就骗他们说：“前面有个梅庄，梅庄里有个梅小姐，长得天姿国色，艳美无双，谁第一个到达战场，我就把梅小姐许配给他做老婆。”士兵们一听都来了精神，一个个口水都流下来了。终于在规定时间到达了官渡，打败了袁绍，后人称这个典故为“望梅止渴”。