推荐回答(1个)
预应力锚索施工注意:
由于预应力锚索施工工序多、技术含量高、隐蔽性大,施工质量较难控制。为此,要求监理工程师必须认真、细致的严格监理,确保设计防护目标的实现。
⑴、一般要求
①、用于施工的钢绞线、钢筋、锚夹具必须符合设计要求,并有出厂合格证、质保书、标牌,按规定频率和要求送具CMA资质检测单位或总监办中心试验室检验合格后方准用于施工,严禁使用无证产品或材料进场后不经检验即用于施工;
②、钢材进场后要架空储存,不得露天堆放,预应力钢绞线的储存除应符合一般钢材储存要求外,还应增设防潮、防腐蚀设施;
③、用于锚固施工的砂浆、水泥浆配合比及其原材料必须经总监办中心试验室平行试验符合设计和施工技术规范要求后方准用于施工;
④、钻孔、灌浆、张拉、机械设备的选型,应符合设计要求及施工条件,钻孔一律采用风动干钻,严禁水钻。张拉设备技术性能指标及选型必须配套,未经具CMA资质检测单位或计量检测部门标定不得用于本工程;
⑵、预应力锚索施工
①、试验
A、
施工前,每个高边坡工点都必须选择一组不少于3根锚索做现场拉拔破坏试验。为了得到可靠的锚固技术参数,用于试验的锚索锚固段长分别取2m、4m、6m,
对应的钻孔深度同该边坡设计锚孔深度,要求各合同段在完成试验准备条件后,提前2~3天通知总监办、业主和设计代表。
B、锚索试验填写“锚索试验记录表”,试验以拉动或拉断锚索为原则,试验结果供设计代表进行动态设计,判定锚索的破坏标准有:
ⅰ 锚索位移长时间不稳定或者位移不收敛;
ⅱ 后一级荷载产生的锚头位移量是前一级荷载位移量的2倍,即拉力~位移(P-S)曲线出现明显拐点。
②、钻孔
承
包人按施工图设计要求完成某一级坡面刷坡后,应会同监理工程师或设计人员(必要时)对锚索施工范围地段进行检查,如坡面地质条件和施工图设计基本符合,即
可进行锚索施工放样测量。锚索钻孔填写“锚索钻孔施工记录表”。钻孔的孔深、孔径均不得小于设计值,钻孔的倾角、方位角应符合设计要求,钻孔完毕一律采用
高压风清孔。钻孔的允许偏差,设计已明确的按设计执行,设计未明确的按以下标准执行:
A 有效设计孔深的超深不得大于50cm;
B 孔口坐标误差不得大于±10cm;
C 孔斜误差不得大于3%;
D 开孔时应严格校验钻具的倾角及方位角,不得对设计的倾角作任何修改;
E 钻孔过程中,应加强钻具的导向作用,及时检测孔斜误差,并视钻孔需要合理采用纠偏措施;
F 钻孔过程中应加强地质观察,若发现与设计明显不符应及时报告业主和总监办。
③、锚索制作与安放
A、锚索制作
ⅰ 锚索制作宜在专门搭设的加工棚内进行,制作过程填写“预应力钢绞线束检查表”,制作完成分不同类型摆放整齐,并挂好标牌,标牌上应注明该束的编号、束长、锚固段长、自由段长、待安放的孔号、孔深及孔径;
ⅱ 预应力钢绞线下料时必须采用机械切割,严禁采用电弧切割; ⅲ 预应力锚索编束的钢绞线应排列整齐、平顺、绑扎牢固,不得有缠绞或扭麻花现象,表面应除锈去污,锚索制作所采用的扩张环、紧箍环、注浆管必须按设计要求布设安装;
ⅳ 锚索必需按设计要求涂防腐涂料,自由段套聚乙烯塑料管或PVC管,套入前应在套管两端10~20cm长度范围内用黄油填充,外绕工程胶布固定密封,确保水泥浆不进入自由段钢绞线。
ⅴ 锚索锚固段长、自由段长、张拉段长不小于设计要求;
B、锚索运输与安放
ⅰ 锚索运输、吊装过程中应细心操作,不得破坏锚索结构及其保护涂层;
ⅱ.锚索安放填“锚索安装检查记录表”,锚索入孔前必须进行以下检验:
a、锚孔内及孔口周围杂物必须清除干净;
b、锚索的孔号牌与锚孔孔号必须相同,并应核对孔深与锚索长度;
c、锚索应无明显弯曲、扭转现象,锚索中进浆、排气管道必须畅通;
d、锚索防护层无损伤,凡有损伤必须修复;
④、锚索孔注浆
A 锚索安放完毕后应按设计要求尽快注浆。如钻孔过程发现锚固段地层地下水量较大、岩层有泥化现象应及时报告业主、总监办,以
便会同设计代表现场决定是否采用二次劈裂注浆。锚索孔注浆填写“锚索孔注浆施工记录表(B8)”;
B 锚索孔注浆质量控制要求如下:
a、水泥砂浆强度不低于30Mpa,砂的粒径宜小于或等于2mm,注浆通过注浆管从孔底自下而上逆流式注入,灌注至孔口返出新鲜浆液即可,水灰比及注浆压力应符合施工图设计要求,
b、浆体强度试件每30个锚索孔不少于一组,不足30个孔取一组;
c、锚索孔完成注浆后,孔口段将因浆体泌水收缩出现空孔,必须补满,否则不准进行地梁或框格梁施工,若按先地梁后锚索工序施工的,在未补满空孔段前不准进行张拉锁定。
⑤、锚索的张拉锁定
A 锚索注浆强度、地梁砼强度或框格砼强度达到设计强度后,方可进行锚索张拉,锚索张拉填“预应力锚索张拉检查记录表”;
B 张拉设备必须配套标定,并绘制压力表读数—张拉力关系曲线,以指导现场张拉作业。张拉设备使用每6个月标定一次,经拆卸检修的张拉设备或经受强烈撞击的压力表,都必须立即重新标定;
C 设计张拉荷载、超张拉荷载、锁定荷载均应与设计相符。张拉采用应力控制及伸长值校核操作法,当实际伸长值大于计算伸长值10%或小于5%时,应暂停张拉,待查明原因并采取措施调整后方可继续张拉;
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