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除信息流程之外，在图所示的学习的信息加工模式中，还包含着期望事项与执行控制。期望事项是指学生期望达到的目标，即学习的动机。正是因为学生对学习有某种期望，教师给予的反馈才会具有强化作用。换言之，反馈之所以有效，是因为反馈能肯定学生的期望。执行控制即加涅学习分类中的认知策略，执行控制过程决定哪些信息从感觉登记进入短时记忆，如何进行编码、采用何种提取策略等。由此可见，期望事项与执行控制在信息加工过程中起着极为重要的作用。加涅之所以没有把这两者与学习模式中其他结构联系起来，主要是由于这两者可能影响信息加工过程中的所有阶段，并且它们之间的关系目前还不太清楚。

With the exception of the information process. In the information processing modes of the learning shown in the chart , expected items and executive control are included, expected items are the targets that the students desire to reach , namely the motive to learn . It is because of the students' expectation upon their learning that the feedbacks given by the teachers have the roles /function s of being intensified . in other words, The reason why the feedbacks are effective is that feedbacks can affirm the expecatation of the students .Executive domination /control is also the recognitive strategy of Gagne's theory by virtue of which expected items and executives have been playing an extremely important roles in the course of the information processing. The reason why Gagne has not linked this two aspects with other structures of the learning patterns is that this two apects possibly affect all the phases of the information processing and the relationship existed among them has not been made so clear /explicit yet ( has remained unclear and inexplicit)