推荐回答(5个)
自制充电器的简要物理模型及操作流程
一个输出交流12V5-15A的交流变压器1个,6-10A大功率整流二极管1个,25V2200uf电容管1个,低压电源控制开关1个,220V电源插头1个
首先变压器输出的是交流电绝不能直接用来充电!必须先整流!最简单为半波整流!
其次,十二V电瓶最高充电电压为14.8V!所以16.5V的电压不可直接充电,对电瓶损坏较大!所以应当降压!可以还用整流二极管来实现!
综上所述,你可以找两个个整流二极管串联,然后接在变压器次级一端!根据二极管分出充电器的正负极!然后正接电瓶正极,负接电瓶负极即可!整流二极管用IN4007即可!这个比较常见!

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识别二极管正负极:
这里只针对两种二极管来说,
一种金属封装二极管如图1,有螺纹的一侧为正极,另一侧为负极。
另一种塑料封装普通二极管如图2,对于普通二极管,可以看管体表面,有白线的一端为负极。


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识别变压器原副线圈以及各抽头电压:
线圈较粗且圈数较少的为副线圈,另一侧为原线圈。
带电压标识的,看标识即可。
组装:
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将开关、保险、插头通过护套线和原线圈串起来,将副线圈的一条线连接二极管的正极,二极管的负极连接一条红线,连上导电夹,副线圈的另一端接上黑色导线也连上导电夹,充电器组装完成。
使用时,将黑色导线的夹子连蓄电池负极,红色导线连蓄电池正极,将万用表打到50v直流电压档,红表笔接蓄电池正极,黑表笔接蓄电池负极,监视蓄电池电压,当电压在13.8V-14V时电池充满电。
注意事项
找一个50W的24伏变压器和一个整流二极管(IN5408 6A10的),半波整流就好,变压器的次级的一端做输出正极,另一端接二极管的阴极(有白色色环的一端),二极管的阳极做输出负极,这样电瓶充电器就算好了,也可以接一个直流电流表检测充电电流。
一,蓄电池:你电瓶电压为12V,但容量是多少?有电瓶车用的20安时---到汽车上用的上百安时,因电瓶容量不同,其充电电流大不相同,从1.5A左右到十几A。
二,变压器:你现在有变压器铁片100片÷2=50对,每片厚算为0.4-0.5mm,叠厚为50×0.4=20mm-25mm,计算变压器容量是按铁芯中间的载面积大小(舌宽×叠厚),据你提供二张相叠为100mm,估计中间舌宽约在35-40mm,这样你已有铁芯在(2cm×3.5cm-2.5cm×4cm=7-10)其容量在40-70VA左右,其输出电流小于40/70VA÷12V=3.3/5.8A,而12V电并要求充电电流是1.5A。
初级220v、次级为12v×1.4×1.1=18.5v,
下面为各种功率的参数:
功率 输入220v时电流及导线直径 铁芯载面 每伏匝数
40 0.183 0.31 7.8 8.2
50 0.227 0.33 8.8 7.3
60 0.272 0.35 9.6 6.7
70 0.32 0.46 10.2 6.4
次级线圈圈数是18.5v×每伏匝数,次级线圈导线直径是功率数除以18.5v电压后的数(1.5A-导线直径0.91,2A-导线直径1.02,2.9A-导线直径1.22)。线径粗一点好但要绕不下,每伏匝数多些有好处,但同样要绕不下。
整流电路用2A-5A的二极管四只接成桥式整流即可,(简单一些用一只二极管接成半波整流也可)输出时用万用表量一下就知道正、负极。注意:输入、输出都要放保险丝,输入0.5A、输出3-5A。输出正极与电瓶正极相接、负极与负极相接。
你的电瓶是12V,容量105安时
方案1:
取一只整流二极管负极接变压器12V输出端,正极接电瓶正极,电瓶负极接变压器中(地)线(0V),再并联一个1000U左右电解电容,极性与电瓶为正接正,负接负,如此便可为电瓶充电
方案2:
需要的元件:
1 整流桥或四个整流二极管,
2 大功率开关三极管,如N3055,
3 13.5V二极稳压管,
4 滤波电容1000U左右,
5 限流2W电阻
6 可调电阻器
可取变压器12V或24V电压输出端,连接以上元件
组装成一个可调稳压器,输出电压为13.5V作为电瓶充电用
充电电流越小越好,但需要时间越长,充电电流越大,充电时间越短
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