金银花怎样加工质量好

2025-04-02 13:00:47
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

  为保证金银花的药性,金银花采摘后要及时进行加工,严防发热霉烂变黑,降低质量,加工方法主要是晾晒和烘干以及红外微波杀青等方法。无论是晾晒还是烘干烤花,在花蕾干燥前均不能用手触摸或翻动,否则花蕾变黑,降低品质,影响销售。下面金银花网简单介绍几种金银花简单的加工方法。
  一、传统的晾晒。可用高粱秸制箔,箔用木棒撑起,离地约 50~70公分,南低北高,或直接摊在晒席上。晾晒厚度要适宜,阳光强时宜厚些,以免干燥过快,影响质量;阳光弱时不易摊设过厚,以防花变黑。初晒时不宜用手随意翻动,以免花色变黑。初晒至八成干,才能翻动。最好当天采收,当天晒干。晒干后,置于干燥处封严,但此时花心尚未干透,过几天后返潮,再晒半天至一天,用风选去残叶、杂质,再包装贮藏于阴凉干燥处,防潮防蛀待售。缺点:不好控制温度及晾晒的程度,受天气影响大,产出的金银花质量不高,目前以很少使用。
  二、较多采用的烘干。烘干干燥法,不受天气影响,容易掌握火候,比晒干的成品率高、质量好,是金银花生产中提高产品质量的有效措施。首先要建造烘房。烘房大小可视鲜金银花数量的多少而定,一般4000~5000千克鲜花可建造650X550X450公分的烘房一座,也可根据需要扩大或缩小,在房子一头建一个火炉,房内修火道,火道采用回龙炕形式。房顶有烟囱和天窗,在离地面30公分处,每隔3米在前后墙各留一个通气孔。室内两侧离墙20公分处各设一个烘架,两烘架间留有1~1.4米的走道。架层间距25~30公分,底层离火道40公分,架上按层摆放用竹片或高粱秸做的箔,每平方米可烘干金银花3千克左右。其次烘干方法。烘干时,先将采回的花蕾撒在竹、苇等材料制成的方形烤盘内,置最下层2~4小时向上移动1次,移至上层后要注意检查是否干燥,达到干燥标准后及时收下贮藏。要掌握好烘干温度,初烘时温度不易过高,一般控制在30℃,烘2小时后,温度可升至35℃左右,关闭门窗气孔,3小时后温度升至40℃,打开天窗排出水汽。5小时后室内保持45~50℃,待烘10小时左右鲜花水分大部分排出,再把温度升至55℃,使花迅速干燥。一般12~20小时可全部烘干。干燥的标准为:捏之有声,碾之即碎。第三注意事项。烘干时不能翻动,也不能中途停止,否则变黑质差。若温度过高烘干过急,则花蕾发黑,质量下降;若温度太低,烘干时间过长,则花色不鲜,呈黄白色,也影响质量。烘干比晾晒可控性强,金银花的质量大大提高,目前巨鹿县使用的较多。
  三、现代化金银花微波杀青。采用微波设备进行烘干金银花,可以一机两用,即可杀青,又可烘干。微波杀青利用物料自身水分形成蒸汽环境,在加上高频微波的震荡作用,杀青效果好,物料色泽鲜艳,同时在杀青环节失掉一部分水分,大大节省了烘干成本。杀青完毕,在经微波烘干一次完成成品,干花干度均匀,色泽青翠,完全不破坏和改变物料营养成分,同时具有杀菌功能,经微波烘干的金银花含菌量完全可以达到食品QS认证要求的卫生标准。微波烘干还有一个好处就是优质金银花产量高,据测定4.6斤鲜花可出1斤干花,干出率比晾晒法高出8%。
  几种加工方法相比,自然晾晒法不但受到天气影响的限制,晒出的金银花色泽不能保持原状,同时为了达到相应的干度,水分流失严重,5斤鲜花才能晒出1斤干花。烤房烘干法采用热风,虽然避免了受天气条件的影响,但耗能较高,尤其在不产煤的巨鹿县,煤价较高,金银花烘干成本就成加高。关键是干制的产品色泽极差,无法达到要求,后又在热风烘干之前引入蒸汽杀青设备,虽然解决了以上难题,但因为在蒸汽杀青环节,虽然钝化了酶的活性,在色泽方面有所改善,但蒸汽杀青的高温高湿使得金银花的营养成分大量流失,有效成分得到破坏,同时在蒸汽杀青过程中增加了金银花的含水量,从而在后续的烘干环节中增加了烘干成本。

回答2:

这就要看你打算怎么加工了,金银花的作用就是去火的,是一种很好的药材,很多中西药都有金银花的。。。

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