推荐回答(3个)
肾衰主要是控制蛋白质的摄入量,而摄入量是根据肌酐、尿素、白蛋白、总蛋白等结果来计算的,一般低蛋白饮食要求一日蛋白摄入量不超过40g,大约合主食4两,1两瘦肉、一个鸡蛋、100g酸奶。如果肾功能恢复得好,蛋白摄入量可以适当增加,如果肾功能持续恶化,则应该维持低蛋白饮食。
众所周知,肾衰要求优质蛋白占一半以上,优质蛋白包括鸡蛋、牛奶及奶制品、肉类。非优质蛋白则包括鲜豆类、豆制品。但目前也有专家认为,豆制品在制作过程中,已经将对肾脏有副作用的部分去除了,所以肾衰患者可以适当使用少量豆制品,但鲜豆类最好不吃。
为了减轻肾脏的负担,也要避免嘌呤摄入过多,比如肉汤、肉精、动物内脏等。
水果的摄入主要看患者是否伴随有糖尿病,因为很多肾衰会由糖尿病引起的。如果血糖高出正常,应该选择低糖水果,如木瓜、猕猴桃、火龙果、柚子、大西红柿、黄瓜等。如果血糖正常,那应该根据生化检查中钙、磷、钠、钾、镁的情况来补充适宜的水果蔬菜。因为饿肾衰患者会有电解质紊乱的情况,比如出现低磷血症的时候就要多补充含磷多的食物,如海带、粗粮、花生。
多选择含B族维生素和维C的食物以纠正代谢亢进带来的营养消耗。
您好 以下是我从一个叫【肾病问吧】的咨询平台给您咨询过来的信息,希望对你有所帮助
总结大概又这几点:
1、限制水份:若排出的尿量减少,经口进入的液体滞留在体内,造成身体浮肿、血压升高、甚至于肺水肿,此时,必须限制每天的液体摄入量,通常经口摄入的液体量大约等于全日排尿量加500cc为宜。
2、优质低蛋白饮食:对慢性肾衰患者提倡优质蛋白饮食,即富含必需氨基酸的蛋白质。如牛奶、鸡蛋、瘦肉、鱼肉等。蛋白质的摄入量要据患者的肌酐清除率加以调整。通常建议蛋白质摄取量为每公斤体重0.6公克,例如体重为50公斤,则每天蛋白质摄取应控制为30克。同时在蛋白质摄取量严格限制下,必须慎选蛋白质来源,才能充分被人体利用,建议至少每日允许量的2/3由高品质的蛋白质供应。富含植物蛋白的食物如花生、豆类及制品:豆腐、豆腐干、豆浆、豆皮等慎用。
3、低盐饮食:慢性肾衰患者80%同时伴有高血压,当肾功能不全时,无法将体内过多的钠离子排出,造成高血压、水肿、腹水、肺积水,增加心脏负担,日久易导致心衰竭。钠盐摄入过多可致钠水潴留,不仅可加重水肿,而且可加重高血压。因此,一定要限制钠的摄入,根据病情可将钠盐摄入量限制在2~3g/d,同时禁食腌制食品等,食盐、酱油、味素、蕃茄酱、沙茶酱等含有大量的钠,加工及腌制罐头含钠量也不少,因此日常生活尽量选用天然食品,烹调上可多利用白糖、白醋、葱、姜、蒜、五香、肉桂、花椒、香菜等使食物有其它风味,增加食物可口性。
慢性肾功能衰竭是指各种原发和继发的慢性肾脏疾病进行性恶化,逐渐出现肾功能不全,发展到最终的统一性结局。要保证病人每天有足够的热量,蛋白质的摄入应采用优质低量的原则,及时补充水溶维生素B族、及维生素C、活性维生素D,限制盐的摄入,每天3克左右即可。有高血钾时积极处理。
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