cad制图中啥情况下需要标注公差,这些公差数值怎么得到的
推荐回答(5个)
实际参数值的允许变动量。参数,既包括机械加工中的几何参数,也包括物理、化学、电学等学科的参数。所以说公差是一个使用范围很广的概念。对于机械制造来说,制定公差的目的就是为了确定产品的几何参数,使其变动量在一定的范围之内,以便达到互换或配合的要求。
首先标注一个线性尺寸:23(随便举的例子),如果要吧这个23加一个公差:+0.05+0.02(+0.05在上+0.02在下)的话,你直接命令行输入“ED”并确认,选择要加公差的那个标注23,这时,标注数字就可以更改了,然后在23后面依次输入“+0.05^+0.02”,也就是说这个时候这个标注应是“23+0.05^+0.02”。注意:+0.05和+0.02中间那个符号是键盘6上面有的。然后选中“+0.05^+0.02”这几个数字,点击工具栏上有b/a符号,这时+0.05和+0.02就叠加了。
当某个尺寸会对产品的功能或外观有比较大的影响,需要重点管控的时候,我们会对该尺寸标注公差。公差大小首先取决于实现该产品功能所需要的精度,然后还要看加工工艺所能达到的精度,加工成本等。可以通过查看机械加工手册查到不同工艺所能达到的精度。
产品出2D图是一项技术活,有时候比出3D还难,需要靠经验的累积。一张图纸不是尺寸标得越多越好,而是用最简洁的标注表达所有需要表达的内容。尺寸的精度也不是越小越好,需要考虑加工成本,报废率等因素,在满足产品功能的情况下,公差给得越大越好。
这是根据设计来定的,比如有时设计要求是上下公差0.01,有时又上上公差,有时用下公差。一般在机械图中公差用得较为广泛。
这又比如一副模具,凸模尺寸一般会设计下公差,也就是要求要做小一点点,而凹模尺寸则会设计上公差,即凹模刀口要做大一点。
这也算是对公差最全的概括了……
具体情况具体分析,主要表现在设计过程中需要配合的的地方,举个例子轴承和轴的链接部分就必须有配合公差,根据不同功能一般指过度或者过盈配合,只有很少情况下是间隙配合的,具体选择哪种配合就得看功能了!你可以查机械设计手册,在公差哪章最全,上面有举例用什么的配合给多少如H7/h6,等等等然后根据这个选择公差,记住公差是配合才能产生的!和偏差不同,设计时记住一点功能决定。。
你该赶紧补课,作为机器制造或工、夹具或模具设计者对公差配合不了如指掌可不行,你所面对的各种金属及合金的零件配合,稍有尺寸超差那是会担责的。因为有些零件加工完毕,再重修就很难找正该零件的中心和各个相对位置的形位误差,如果你只负责在装配图上往下拆单件图,你可以要求装配图设计者把有配合的表面和有形状位置要求的表面都做出尺寸和公差等级的标注,包括形位公差和粗糙度等级,这是装配图设计者必须完成的。如果是你独立设计完成装配图与拆单件的CAD出图,你可不能想当然的给出公差!!!一定要搞准确。
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