According to setting question a contents, this speculation, Searle chases Ausitn speech expert is again is divided into two parts further:Words behavior and set question behavior.Therefore, Searle was divided into four parts: speech behavior, namely above-mentioned words behavior, set question behavior and speech amateur for, speech after behavior.What words behavior points is to speak list phrase, sentence, this behavior, setting question what behavior point is to pass the phrase language pointed and call the phrase carries out of"speak about" with two kinds of behavior in"talk to say".Talk amateur for what to point is pass words of speaking and doing a statement, lift to go wrong, next reach an order, carry on promising...etc..The behavior is words to produce a certain effect or reaction on hearer after talking.Searle stipulated a more explicit classification to the speech behavior standard, he from 12 carry on analysis towards talking outside behavioral classification standard, finally Be thought as follows 3 constituted classified foundation.
1)Talk an outside it of Searle think, various speech outside behavior of the purpose is different.For example, the purpose of order is to try to let the hearer do a certain affair;The purpose of description is to carry on a description to the affair that takes place in the world, these descriptions have true or false, accurate or not accurate characteristic.In a word, completing various behavioral purpose is different, they formed classified foundation.
2)Is proper from to proper from to point to talk outside it of bring of result, point the contact of of speech and objective world.Some speech amateurs for make people agree with objective reality(such as:Illustrate of proper from to make to arrive from the words objective realistic);It is objective reality then to have contrarily with talk the words that the person says to agree with(such as:Request of proper from to from the objective reality arrive words).
3)Talk mental status Searle that the person expresses to think, talk person at complete a speech amateur that has already set question a contents is medium, always need to express a certain and mental status or mental activity.For example, when the someone illustrates, explains, breaks to settle a certain set question, he expressed to the conviction that should set question;When the someone promises, swears, promises to do a certain affair, he expressed intention of doing it the feeling;When the someone order, claim, request other people to be a some matter, he expressed the wishes that wants to do the affair.
Is from above-mentioned 3 a main basis, Searle will talk amateur for be divided into 5 types:1)Elaborate a type;2)Instruction;3)Commitment;4)Expression;5)Announce a type.
According to propositional content this idea Ausitn Searle took the locutionary act further divided into two parts: discourse behavior and propositional ACTS. Therefore, Searle will speech act into four parts, namely the above words behavior, propositional ACTS and illocutionary act and perlocutionary act. Discourse behavior refers to speak words, sentences, this behavior, propositional ACTS means through which words and predicate referred about implementation "of" and "talking about both the behavior. Illocutionary act refers to make statements by words to say, to ask questions, and promised to orders. Perlocutionary act is discourse generated some effect on the listener and reactions. Searle compared to speech act provisions of classification standards, he clearly from 12 aspects of illocutionary act classification standard analysis, finally think below 3 aspects constitute classified foundation.
1) the illocutionary Searle think, various illocutionary act purpose is not the same. For example, the purpose is to try to get orders listener do something; The goal is to describe what happened in the world make statements, these terms have true or false, accurate or inaccurate characteristics. In short, the purpose of finish all kinds of behavior is not the same, they formed the basis of classification.
2) fitness to fitness from from refers to the illocutionary, refers to the consequences of words and the connection between the objective world. Some illocutionary act to conform with the objective reality to the fitness (e.g. statements to make from the words from the objective reality); Some, by contrast, is an objective reality and speak the words of one of the match fitness (e.g. request from objective reality from the words).
3) speaker of expression that psychological state, the speaker Searle in completing a propositional content of illocutionary act, total want to express some psychological state or psychological activities. For example, when someone statements, interpretation, concluded that a proposition, he expressed this proposition belief; When someone promised, swear, guarantee to do something, he expressed intention of doing it; When someone orders, request, ask someone to do something, he expressed the desire to do this thing.
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