冷库机房对土木建筑的一般设计有什么要求

2025-04-05 07:10:19
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

1. 冷库机房宜为独立建筑,并布置在制冷负荷中心附近,靠近冷负荷最大的冷间,但不宜紧靠库区的主要交通干道;
2. 在总平面布置上,冷库机房宜在夏季主导风向的下风向,但在生产区内一般应布置在锅炉房、煤场等易发烟、灰尘大等场所的上风向;同时,冷库机房还应设在冷却塔的上风向,其间距不小于25m;
3. 冷库机房四邻不宜靠近人员密集场所(如宿舍、幼儿园、食堂、俱乐部等),氨管道也不得通过上述房间,以免在发生重大事故时造成人员伤亡;
4. 冷库机房面积主要考虑机器、设备的布置及操作所需确定,一般可按冷库生产性建筑面积的5%左右考虑。机房建筑形式、结构、跨度、高度、门窗大小及其分布等具体问题最好由制冷工艺设计人员与建筑有关设计人员共同商定;
5.
冷库机房的高度要考虑到压缩机检修时气调设备和抽出活塞连杆的方便等因素并应兼顾通风采光的要求。一般大中型冷库机房的净高可取6.5-7m,小型冷库机房的净高可取5-5.5m。南方地区大中型冷库机房应设置通风阁楼,并要注意朝向和周围开敞,务必获得良好的自然通风条件和天然采光条件;
6. 为保证操作人员的安全和方便,冷库机房内通道不宜过长,以不超过12m为宜,但大型机房要超过12m时,需设两个以上互不邻近、直接通向室外的出入口。门洞宽度不小于1.5m,其中一个门洞宽度应能保证进入最大的设备;
7.
冷库机房所有的门、窗均应设计成朝外开启,并采用平开门,禁用侧拉门,以便出现紧急情况时人员避险逃脱。氨压缩机机房的门不许直接通向生产性车间,机房必须有良好的自然采光,其窗孔投光面积通常不小于地板面积的1/7~1/6,在炎热季节里应采取这样措施,避免阳光经常直射;
8. 为防止油浸,便于清洗,冷库机房地面、墙裙和机器机座等表面一般因为现浇磨石面层。油泵、液泵、低压集油器等设备基座四周,应设排水浅明沟;
9. 根据国家颁布的《建筑设计防火规范》,氨压缩机机房属于乙类危险性生产建筑,应氨二级耐火等级建筑物进行设计。

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