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这个问题需要从两个大方面去考虑:1流量示值误差流量示值误差应不超过±5%.流量重复性流量重复性应不大于2%.流量稳定性普通型在1h内,恒温恒流型在8h内的采样流量变化应不大于5%.计时误差计时误差应不超过±0.2%.控温稳定性恒温恒流型采样器的控温稳定性应不大于2℃.通用技术要求1.1常规检查1.1.1仪器结构完整,连接可靠,各旋钮应能正常调节.仪器外观应无影响采样器正常工作的损伤.1.1.2显示部分应显示清晰.1.1.3采样系统气密性能良好.1.1.4仪器名称,型号,制造年月,编号,制造计量器具许可证标志及制造厂名称应齐全,清晰.4.2安全性检查绝缘电阻:仪器外壳的绝缘电阻应大于20MΩ.2计量器具控制计量器具控制包括首次检定,后续检定和使用中检验.5.1检定环境要求5.1.1环境温度15~35℃.5.1.2环境湿度≤85%RH.5.1.3电源电压187~242V,49~51Hz.5.2检定用设备5.2.1皂膜流量计:使用体积50~200mL,允许误差不大于±1%.5.2.2温度计:范围0~50℃,分度值不大于0.2℃,示值误差不大于±0.5℃.5.2.3秒表:分辨率不大于0.1s.5.2.4气压计:测量范围87~105kPa,允许误差±100Pa.5.2.5绝缘电阻表:10级(500V).5.2.6气体管路,针型阀等.5.3检定项目检定项目如表1所示.表1检定项目流量示值误差流量重复性流量稳定性计时误差控温稳定性常规检查安全性检查首次检定+++++++后续检定++-+++-使用中检验++-----注:1"+"为需要检定项目,"-"为不需要检定项目.2后继检定包括修理后的检定,若对计量性能有重大影响时,按首次检定进行.2.4检定方法2.1.1常规检查按1.1.1~1.1.4要求进行.用下述方法检查系统的气密性:在仪器运转状态下,将系统入口密封,采样流量计的浮子应逐渐下降到零.2.4.2安全性检查绝缘电阻的检查,仪器处于非工作状态,开关置于接通位置,将绝缘电阻表的接线端分别接到仪器电源插头的相线与机壳上,施加500V直流试验电压,稳定5s后,读取绝缘电阻表指示的绝缘电阻值.2.4.3流量示值误差的检定2.4.3.1对普通型采样器选取上,中,下3点流量值;对恒温恒流型采样器只检定恒流点.2.4.3.2采用精密皂膜流量计测定流量,方法如下:被检仪器的入口与皂膜流量计的出口相连,仪器稳定后,分别调节采样流量到相应检定点,测定气体通过皂膜流量计固定体积V的时间,同时记录实验环境的气压及温度,计算出皂膜流量计测得的实际流量Q(mL/min).Q=(V/t)×60(1)式中:Q——实际流量,mL/min;V——皂膜流量计的体积,mL;t——气体通过皂膜流量计固定体积的时间,s.将Q换算为标准状态下的流量QS为:(PQS=-PV)(2)Q×TS×PS×T式中:QS——标准状态下的流量;P——检定环境大气压,kPa;PV——与检定温度相对应的水饱和蒸气压,kPa;PS——标准状态下的大气压,101.3kPa;T——检定环境下的热力学温度,K;TS——标准状态下的热力学温度,293.15K.2.4.3.3每点测3次,取3次的算术平均值,按(3)式计算检定点示值误差,取最大检定点示值误差[δQ]max. =δ+QSQS-×100%(3)式中:δQ——检定点示值误差;Q——检定点流量值;QS——某一检定点标准状态流量算术平均值.2.4.4流量重复性检定2.4.1.1对普通型采样器选择中间刻度流量;对恒温恒流型采样器选取恒流点.对选取点重复测量6次.2.4.4.2用同2.4.3.2的方法,测得气体通过皂膜流量计固定体积V的时间,按(4)式计算流量重复性.∑1(Qi-QS)2i=-nS=1QS-n-1×100%=-t1∑1(ti-ti=n)2n-1×100%(4)式中:Qi——第i次的测量结果;QS——测量的算术平均值;n——测量次数;ti——第i次测量中,气体通过皂膜流量计固定体积的时间;t——n次测量中,气体通过皂膜流量计固定休积的时间平均值,s.2.4.5流量稳定性的检定按2.4.3.1选取检定点,仪器稳定后,按2.4.3.2的测量方法,测得被检点气体通过皂膜流量计固定体积的时间.在不调节采样流量的情况下,对普通型采样器连续工作1h,每20min测定1次,共4次;对恒温恒流型采样器连续工作8h,每2h测定1次,共5次.取各测量列的最大值tmax和最小值tmin,用(5)式计算时间的最大变化,即流量稳定性.tmaxQmaxδ-Qmin××-tmin(5)100%100%=tQ式中:Q——测量的算术平均值;--t——时间测量的平均值;tmax——时间测量的最大值;tmin——时间测量的最小值.2.4.6计时误差检定用经检定合格的秒表进行比较检定.将采样器的采样时间设置为1h,同时启动秒表和采样器,待采样器到达设定时间时,停止计时,记录秒表显示时间,用(6)式计算计时误差.tδ1-t2×(6)t100%t=2式中:t1——采样器定时时间;t2——秒表计时时间.2.4.7控温稳定性的检定对恒温恒流型采样器,将温度计直接插入恒温器中,稳定后开始记录第1次值T1,连续测量8h,每1h记录1次,取测量列的最大值Tmax和最小值Tmin,按(7)式计算控温稳定性.ΔT=Tmax-Tmin
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