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原文: 王祎,字子充,义乌人。幼敏慧,及长,身长岳立,屹有伟度。师柳贯、黄溍,遂以文章名世。睹元政衰敝,为书七八千言上时宰。危素、张起岩并荐,不报。隐青岩山,著书,名日盛。太祖取婺州,召见,用为中书省掾史。征江西,祎献颂。太祖喜曰:“江南有二儒,卿与宋濂耳。学问之博,卿不如濂。才思之雄,濂不如卿。”太祖创礼贤馆,李文忠荐祎及许元、王天锡,召置馆中。旋授江南儒学提举司校理,累迁侍礼郎,掌起居注。同知南康府事,多惠政,赐金带宠之。太祖将即位,召还,议礼。坐事忤旨,出为漳州府通判。 洪武元年八月,上疏言:“祈天永命之要,在忠厚以存心,宽大以为政,法天道,顺人心。雷霆霜雪,可暂不可常。浙西既平,科敛当减。”太祖嘉纳之,然不能尽从也。明年修《元史》,命祎与濂为总裁。祎史事擅长,裁烦剔秽,力任笔削。书成,擢翰林待制,同知制诰兼国史院编修官。奉诏预教大本堂,经明理达,善开导。召对殿廷,必赐坐,从容宴语。未久,奉使吐蕃,未至,召还。 五年正月议招谕云南,命祎赍诏往。至则谕梁王,亟宜奉版图归职方,不然天讨旦夕至。王不听,馆别室。他日,又谕曰:“朝廷以云南百万生灵,不欲歼于锋刃。若恃险远,抗明命,龙骧鹢舻,会战昆明,悔无及矣。”梁王骇服,即为改馆。会元遣脱脱征饷,胁王以危言,必欲杀祎。王不得已出祎见之,脱脱欲屈祎,祎叱曰:“天既讫汝元命,我朝实代之。汝爝火余烬,敢与日月争明邪!且我与汝皆使也,岂为汝屈!”或劝脱脱曰:“王公素负重名,不可害。”脱脱攘臂曰:“今虽孔圣,义不得存。”祎顾王曰:“汝杀我,天兵继至,汝祸不旋踵矣。”遂遇害,时十二月二十四日也。梁王遣使致祭,具衣冠敛之。建文中,祎子绅讼祎事,诏赠翰林学士,谥文节。正统中,改谥忠文。成化中,命建祠祀之。 译文: 王祎,字子充,浙江义乌人。幼时机敏聪慧,成年后身材高大伟岸。后来拜柳罐、黄缙为师学习文章,于是当时以文章著称于世。在目睹了元王朝国政衰颓凋敝后,写了七八千字的言上给当时的宰相。危素、张起岩一起推荐了他,但是没有被接受。于是在青岩山隐居著书,名气越来越大。太祖攻取婺州后,召见他,拜他为中书省掾史。太祖征江西,祎写文章赞颂并献给太祖。太祖很高兴,说:“江南又二位大儒,就是你和宋濂,要论学问谁更渊博,你不如宋濂。但是要论才思的雄辩,宋濂不如你。”太祖创立了礼贤馆,李文忠推荐了王祎及许元、王天锡,于是被召置礼贤馆。不久又被授为江南儒学提举司校理,累次迁升到侍礼郎,掌管太祖的起居注。又任南康府同知,出了很多惠民政绩,太祖赐给金带以示宠爱。太祖即将称帝即位前,将他召回,商议即位礼仪。由于不合上意而获罪,出为漳州府通判。 洪武元年八月,上奏言,“祈求天命永远所在,在于忠厚存心,宽大为政,效法天道,顺应人心。雷霆霜雪,只是暂时的不是永远的。既然浙西已经被平定了,应该减免赋税。”太祖表扬并采纳了他的建议,但是没有都听从。第二年修《元史》,任命祎与濂为总裁。祎擅长史事,裁汰剔除烦秽,大力修改。修完《元史》后,提拔为翰林待制同知制诰兼国史院编修。奉召到大本堂教皇子读书,王祎经明理达,善于开导。皇上召他到殿廷,每次都给他赐坐,从容应答。不久,奉命出使吐蕃,还没到,就被召回。 洪武五年正月商议诏谕云南,任命王祎奉召前往。到云南后诏谕梁王,尽快奉上户籍册和地图给朝廷方面掌管,不然天子很快就将讨伐过来。梁王不听从,并把他安置在偏室内居住。几天后,又诏谕说:“朝廷考虑到云南百万生灵,不忍荼毒于锋刃。如果你凭借艰险路远,抵抗大明皇帝的命令,天朝骁勇的将领率领装备精良的士兵,和你在昆明会战,到时你后悔都来不及。”梁王被吓服了,随即将他改为正馆居住。时逢元朝派遣脱脱征军饷。脱脱说吓人的话威胁梁王,一定要杀掉王祎。梁王逼不得已交出来了王祎,脱脱想让王祎屈服于他,王祎怒叱道:“上天要完结你元朝的命,我朝是来取代你元朝。你小小的火把余烬,竟敢和日月争夺光辉!何况你我都是使臣,我怎么能屈服于你!”有人劝脱脱说:“王先生久负盛名,不能杀。”脱脱手一摆说道:“今天就是孔圣人,也没有情面可讲。”王祎回头说道:“你杀了我,朝廷大军就将到来,你的祸患不久就要接踵到来。”于是就这样被杀害了,遇害那天是十二月二十四日。梁王派人去祭奠,收集他所有的衣物入殓。建文年间,王祎的儿子王绅颂扬他父亲,朝廷追赠王祎诏赠翰林学士,谥文节。正统年间又改谥忠文,成化年间,下令建立祠堂祭祀他。
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