如何区别荧光,磷光,瑞利光和拉曼光?如何减少散射光对荧光测定的干扰

2025-03-16 17:09:25
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

荧光:是某些物质吸收一定的紫外光或可见光后,基态分子跃迁到激发单线态的各个不同能级,然后经过振动弛豫
回到第一激发态的最低振动能级,在发射光子后,分子跃迁回基态的各个不同振动能级。这时分子发射的光称为荧
光。荧光的波长比原来照射的紫外光的波长更长。
磷光:是有些物质的激发分子通过振动弛豫下降到第一激发态的最低振动能层后,经过体系间跨越至激发三重态的
高振动能层上,再通过振动弛豫降至三重态的最低振动能层,然后发出光辐射跃迁至基态的各个振动能层.这种光
辐射称为磷光。磷光的波长比荧光更长。
瑞利光:光子和物质分子发生弹性碰撞时.不发生能量的交换,仅是光子运动的方向发生改变,这种散射光叫做瑞
利光,其波长和入射光相同。
拉曼光:光子和物质分子发生非弹性碰撞时,在光子运动方向发生改变的同时,光子与物质分子发生能量交换,使
光于能量发生改变。当光子将部分能量转给物质分子时,光子能量减少,波长比入射光更长;当光子从物质分子得
到能量时,光子能量增加,波氏比入射光为短。这两种光均称为拉曼光。
为了消除瑞利光散射的影响,荧光的测量通常在与激发光成直角的方向上进行,并通过调节荧光计的狭缝宽度来消
除为消除拉曼光的影响可选择适当的溶剂和选用合适的激发光波长

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