文言文的句式形式

2025-04-01 19:14:43
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

复制点给你看下 手打的没这么详细

1、可以借助虚词知识掌握文言句式。如“者”、“也”常用在判断句里;“哉”、“夫”常用来表感叹;“乎”、“与”、“邪”、“何”、“盍”、“孰”常用表疑问;“之”、“是”常用来表疑问;“之”、“是”常用来作句子倒装的标志等等。
2、要从与现代汉语的比较入手,掌握各种特殊语序句式的表示方法,要在理解的基础上牢记住这些形式。每一种形式要记一两个典型例句,以便类比判断。
3、背记一些固定的句式结构。如:
“不亦……乎”?表反问,可译为“不是……吗?”(其中“亦”只起加强语气作用,可不译);
“无乃……乎?”表推测语气,比较委婉,可译为“恐怕……吗?”或者“莫非……吧?”;
“得无……乎(耶)”表猜测、疑问语气,可译为“莫不是……吗?”“能不……吗?”或者“恐怕……吧?”;
“如……何”、“若……何”、“奈……何”都表示疑问的格式,都可译为“把……怎么办?”、“拿……怎么样?”、“对……怎么样?”;
“……孰与……”表示“与……相比,谁……”,常可译为“与……比较起来怎么样”;
“其……乎?”表猜测或反问语气,可译为“大概……吧?”、“难道……吗?”;
“何……为?”表询问或反问,可译为“为什么……呢?”或“有什么……呢?”;
“有以……”、“无以……”,前者可译为“有什么可以拿(用)来……”,后者可译为“没什么可以拿(用)来……”;
“有所……”、“无所……”,其中“所”是助词,“所……”是“有、无”的宾语,所以前者可译为“有……的”,后者可译为“没有……的”。
一、学习文言文,最应该下功夫的是文言字词、句式等方面的知识,只有积累了一定的文言知识,才可能顺利地阅读文言文。

1、重视预习,学会自学课前一定要借助注释自己逐字逐句去翻译,不要坐等老师来讲解。预习时注意找出疑难字句提交课堂讨论,向老师、同学请教。对重点字词要进行归类认识,突出重点,突破难点。有相当多的文言实词是一词多义、一词多用的,我们要善于记忆、比较、归纳、整理,把“字词”学“活”。
2、遵循“字不离句”的原则去理解、体会
不管是实词还是虚词,其意义、用法总是在具体的语言环境中显示出来的,积累文言字词不要死记硬背,而应结合“语境”去揣摩。
3、要牢牢记住主要文言句式
主要文言句式有五种:判断句、疑问句、被动句、省略句和倒装句,每种又有几种不同形式,记住形式,便于识记和理解。
二、语文教材强调文言文的朗读、背诵,其意图是让学生通过多读多背来掌握文言知识,理解文意,培养语言感悟能力。诵读可分四步进行:

1、借助注释,粗读课文
预习时完成粗读任务。粗读的首要任务是疏通文字,然后在此基础上感知课文,从整体上初步地把握课文结构。结合注释,根据上下文读两三遍,再连猜带蒙,对课文内容应该能了解六七成了。粗读中要画出疑难词句,以备在课堂上提交讨论。
2、质疑、解难、细读课文
通过课内细读,要能准确地正音、正形、断句,要解决粗读中遇到的疑难问题,要对文章结构进行分析。要增进对文章内容的理解。
3、深入领会,精读课文
精读时要力求读出语气、语调和节奏。通过精读,更深入地感悟、理解作品,体会文章的情感,把握文章的特色。
4、鉴赏评价,熟读课文
这一步主要靠课后同学们主动进行。要熟读成诵,要强化文言字词的学习效果,深化对课文内容、结构的理解。要有意识地提高自己的文学鉴赏、评价能力。
没有“文言”我们找不到回“家”的路是文言教育造就了白话大师,文言学习形成纯粹、典雅的汉语语感,文言是白话的根基。20世纪上半叶,中国文坛的上空升起了一片“璀璨”的群星,他们是鲁迅、胡适、梁实秋、郭沫若、老舍、巴金、曹禺、林语堂、穆旦、张爱玲等等,他们光华四射、文采灼灼、风流儒雅,他们学贯中西、鉴古知今。与其说他们是文学大师,不如说他们是运用白话语言的大师。他们的作品90%以上用白话写成,他们灵动地驾驭白话,“垒筑”起白话汉语的华彩篇章。

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