常见的锯削工具的使用方法

2025-03-11 16:33:56
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

锯削英文名称:sawing定义:锯切工具旋转或往复运动,把工件、半成品切断或把板材加工成所需形状的切削加工方法。应用学科:机械工程(一级学科);切削加工工艺与设备(二级学科);切削加工工艺-切削加工方法(三级学科) 锯削是用手锯来分割材料或在工件上进行切槽的操作。锯削1.锯削工具 锯削的常用工具是手锯,由锯弓和锯条组成。锯弓可分为固定式和可调式两种,图1为常用的可调式锯弓。锯条由碳素工具钢制成,并经淬火和低温退火处理。锯条规格用锯条两端安装孔之间的距离表示。常用的锯条约长300mm、宽12mm、厚0.8mm。锯齿按齿距t大小可分为粗齿( t=1.6mm)、中齿( t=1.2mm)及细齿( t=0.8mm)三种。锯齿的粗细应根据加工材料的硬度和厚薄来选择。锯削铝、铜等软材料或厚材料时,应选用粗齿锯条。锯硬钢、薄板及薄壁管子时,应该选用细齿锯条。锯削软钢、铸铁及中等厚度的工件则多用中齿锯条。锯削薄材料时至少要保证二至三个锯齿同时工作。

2.锯削基本操作 l)锯条安装 根据工件材料及厚度选择合适的锯条,安装在锯弓上。锯齿应向前(见图1),松紧应适当,一般用两个手指的力能旋紧为止。锯条安装好后,不能有歪斜和扭曲否则锯削时易折断。2)工件安装 工件伸出钳口不应过长,防止锯削时产生振动。锯线应和钳口边缘平行,并夹在台虎钳的左边,以便操作。工件要夹紧,并应防止变形和夹坏已加工表面。3)锯削姿势与握锯 锯削时站立姿势:身体正前方与台虎钳中心线成大约45°角,右脚与台虎钳中心线成75°角,左脚与台虎钳中心线成30°角。握锯时右手握柄,左手扶弓,见图3。推力和压力的大小主要由右手掌握,左手压力不要太大。 锯削的姿势有两种,一种是直线往复运动,适用于锯薄形工件和直槽;另一种是摆动式,锯割时锯弓两端作类似锉外圆弧面时的锉刀摆动一样。这种操作方式,两手动作自然,不易疲劳,切削效率较高。

4)起锯方法 起锯的方式有两种。一种是从工件远离自己的一端起锯,如图4a所示,称为远起锯;另一种是从工件靠近操作者身体的一端起锯,如图4b所示,称为近起锯。一般情况下采用远起锯较好。无论用哪一种起锯的方法,起锯角度都不要超过15°。为使起锯的位置准确和平稳,起锯时可用左手大拇指挡住锯条的方法来定位。5)锯削速度和往复长度 锯削速度以每分钟往复20~40次为宜。速度过快锯条容易磨钝,反而会降低切削效率;速度太慢,效率不高。 锯削时最好使锯条的全部长度都能进行锯割,一般锯弓的往复长度不应小于锯条长度的三分之二。

锉削  用锉刀对工件表面进行切削加工,使工件达到所要求的尺寸、形状和表面粗糙度的操作叫锉削。锉削精度可以达到0.01mm,表面粗糙度可达Ra0.8um。  锉削的应用范围很广,可以锉削平面、曲面、外表面、内孔、沟槽、和各种形状复杂的表面。还可以配键、做样板、修整个别零件的几何形状等。  平面的锉法有:顺向锉、交叉锉、推锉等。  1)顺向锉:顺向锉是最普通的锉削方法。锉刀运动方向与工件夹持方向始终一致,面积不大的平面和最后锉光都是采用这种方法。顺向锉可得到正直的锉痕,比较整齐美观。精锉十常采用。  2)交叉锉:锉刀与工件夹持方向约呈35度,且锉痕交叉。交叉锉时锉刀与工件的接触面积增大,锉刀容易掌握平稳。

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