推荐回答（1个）
1、聚氯乙烯(Polyvinyl Chloride，简称PVC)。PVC为无定形结构的白色粉末,支化度较小。工业生产的PVC分子量一般在5万～12万范围内，具有较大的多分散性,分子量随聚合温度的降低而增加；无固定熔点，80～85℃开始软化,130℃变为粘弹态，160～180℃开始转变为粘流态；有较好的机械性能，抗张强度60MPa左右，冲击强度5～10kJ/m2；有优异的介电性能。但对光和热的稳定性差，在100℃以上或经长时间阳光曝晒,就会分解而产生氯化氢，并进一步自动催化分解，引起变色，物理机械性能也迅速下降，在实际应用中必须加入稳定剂以提高对热和光的稳定性。 PVC性脆，热稳定性差，不易加工。PVC很坚硬，溶解性也很差，只能溶于环己酮、二氯乙烷和四氢呋喃等少数溶剂中，对有机和无机酸、碱、盐均稳定，化学稳定性随使用温度的升高而降低。PVC溶解在丙酮-二硫化碳或丙酮－苯混合溶剂中，用于干法纺丝或湿法纺丝而成纤维，称氯纶。具有难燃、耐酸碱、抗微生物、耐磨并具有较好的保暖性和弹性。 2、聚乙烯是最结构简单的高分子，也是应用最广泛的高分子材料。它是由重复的–CH2–单元连接而成的。聚乙烯是通过乙烯(CH2=CH2)的加成聚合而成的。 聚乙烯的性能取决于它的聚合方式。在中等压力(15-30大气压)有机化合物催化条件下进行Ziegler-Natta聚合而成的是高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)。这种条件下聚合的聚乙烯分子是线性的，且分子链很长，分子量高达几十万。如果是在高压力(100-300MPa)，高温(190–210C)，过氧化物催化条件下自由基聚合，生产出的则是低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)，它是支化结构的。 聚乙烯无臭，无毒，手感似蜡，具有优良的耐低温性能(最低使用温度可达-70～-100℃)，化学稳定性好，能耐大多数酸碱的侵蚀(不耐具有氧化性质的酸)，常温下不溶于一般溶剂，吸水性小，电绝缘性能优良；但聚乙烯对于环境应力(化学与机械作用)是很敏感的，耐热老化性差。 聚乙烯的种类 (1)LDPE：低密度聚乙烯、高压聚乙烯 (2)LLDPE：线形低密度聚乙烯 (3)MDPE：中密度聚乙烯、双峰树脂 (4)HDPE：高密度聚乙烯、低压聚乙烯 (5)UHMWPE：超高分子量聚乙烯 (6)改性聚乙烯：CPE、交联聚乙烯(PEX) (7)乙烯共聚物：乙烯-丙烯共聚物(塑料)、EVA、乙烯-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-其它烯烃(如辛烯POE、环烯烃)的共聚物、乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物(EAA、EMAA、EEA、EMA、EMMA、EMAH)。 分子量达到3000000-6000000的线性聚乙烯称为超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)。超高分子量聚乙烯的强度非常高，可以用来做防弹衣。 3、聚苯乙烯简称PS，苯乙烯的均聚物，一种热塑性树脂。聚苯乙烯的化学稳定性比较差，可以被多种有机溶剂(如：芳烃、卤代烃等)溶解，会被强酸强碱腐蚀，不抗油脂，在受到紫外光照射后易变色。聚苯乙烯质地硬而脆，无色透明，可以和多种染料混合产生不同的颜色。密度：1.04-1.06。
采纳哦
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