清朝末年的八旗兵究竟是什么情况

2025-03-24 03:19:15
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

八旗满洲,指代八旗中的满洲旗份佐领,与八旗蒙古、汉军不同,清代满人全部编入八旗,部分误称为“满洲八旗”。与八旗蒙古、八旗汉军构成八旗军的整体,皆以兵籍编制。分属正黄、正白、正红、正蓝、镶黄、镶白、镶红、镶蓝八旗;

以镶黄、正黄、正白为上三旗,正红、镶白、镶红、正蓝、镶蓝为下五旗,并按方向定该旗的位置。以镶黄、正白、镶白、正蓝四旗居左,封称左翼。正黄、正红、镶红、镶蓝四旗居右,封称右翼。主体是骑兵,他们的普通士兵分为三个等级,马兵,战兵和守兵,军饷依次降低。

八旗子弟在入关前后战斗力是最强的,但是当天下逐渐太平,八旗子弟就腐化堕落了。康熙平定“三藩之乱”的战役中,八旗军力已大不如前,真正起决定性作用的是汉族军队。太平天国时,八旗子弟已完全派不上用场,清王朝只好借助汉人曾国藩李鸿章左宗棠的湘军淮军平叛,而最后,也亡于由这些汉族武装演化而来的新军手里。其实说白了,就是清朝统治者目光短浅盲目自大,“所谓天朝地大物博,不需与外互通有无。”只知道自己享乐,却不知外面的世界已发展的超过了中国,将国外的先进技术、思想拒之门外。

八旗子弟的父辈们垄断了社会资源、无需公平竞争、王二代们坐享其成、随心所欲。 清中晚期,他们连洪秀全的农民军都打不过,只好以汉治汉,靠曾国藩办“民兵”才灭了“太平天国”之“乱”。

待世界真正的列强从远方地平线上出现时,“八旗后”更无招架之力。1860年的英法联军,1900年的八国联军,区区万把人,都轻而易举地攻破北京城。操着冷兵器的“八旗劲旅”匆忙披挂上阵,结果在压境的坚船利炮面前,一败涂地,作鸟兽散。

游手好闲的“八旗后”,连自食其力都做不到,又如何能守疆卫国?他们只是希望靠“变卖国土”换得苟延残喘的好日子。 然而,历史终于不再给他们机会了。辛亥革命以一营的哗变就推翻了爱新觉罗氏对中国的统治,“八旗后”的总代表皇帝破产了,“八旗后”全体成为破落户。八旗子弟的堕落及清朝灭亡不可避免。

回答2:

清朝的覆亡自然有多方面的原因,而“八旗兵”的颟顸〔颟顸(mānhān)〕糊涂且马虎。腐败,也不能不说是原因之一。后来的“八旗兵”已经变得腐朽透顶,在战场上常常一触即溃。这就迫使清廷不得不搁起这支老队伍,另行去编练新军。而编练新军,又没法阻止具有进步思想的青年前来参加,起义新军终于构成了声势浩大的革命军的洪流之一。

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