推荐回答(2个)
1、疏花疏果
对于巨峰等品种采用疏花序、掐副花序、疏花蕾、疏幼果等方法疏除过多的果粒可提高果实品质。疏花序在花前半月左右完成。掐去花序末端五分之一到三分之一,把分化不良的副花序疏去。
疏花蕾在开花前5~10天进行,用手轻轻撸花序,使部分花蕾脱落。疏幼果在生理落果后进行,对巨峰等大果粒品种每穗只留50粒左右果粒即可。
2、果实套袋
一般花后40天左右、果粒黄豆大小时进行套袋防治果实病虫害。 套袋前7天用50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂800~1000倍,或80%大生M-45可湿性粉剂600~800倍,或70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂800~1000倍等全面喷施一次杀虫杀菌剂。
选择每天早晨10时以前和下午4时以后进行套袋,防止午间高温灼伤果粒。
管理
1、科学摘心。棚栽葡萄宜采用篱架整形,并提早重摘心,控制旺长。当主蔓长到60-80厘米时,去顶端副梢留冬芽,其余副梢均留1叶摘心。25天后顶端冬芽萌发长出6-7叶时,留5叶摘心,并去除顶端副梢留冬芽,冬芽再次萌发后,可隔20厘米留1副梢,并留2叶摘心,其余抹除。
2、合理负载。合理负荷,及时定产,可提高品质,还可提高坐果率。疏穗。谢花后10-15天,根据坐果情况进行疏穗,生长势强的果枝留2个果穗,生长势弱的不留,生长势中庸的留1个果穗。若是一年一栽制,每个结果枝留1个果穗。疏粒。落花后15-20天,进行选择性的疏粒。疏去过密果和单粒果。
3、一控二喷。控梢旺长。对生长势强的结果梢,在花前对花序上部进行扭梢,或留5-6片大叶摘心,以提高坐果率。
喷施硼肥。花前喷施1次0.2%-0.3%的硼酸或0.2%的硼砂溶液,每隔5天喷1次,连喷2-3次。喷施赤霉素。盛花期用25-40ug/g赤霉素溶液浸蘸花序或喷雾,可提高坐果率,并提前15天成熟。
4、促进着色。
疏梢。浆果开始着色时,摘掉新梢基部老叶,疏除无效新梢,改善通风透光条件,以促进浆果着色。环割。浆果着色前,在结果母枝基部或结果枝基部进行环割,可促进浆果着色,提前7-10天成熟。
喷洒钾肥。在硬核期喷洒400-600倍的果友氨基酸和1200倍的斯得考普或0.3%磷酸二氢钾,可提早7-10天成熟。
5、防治病虫。棚栽葡萄病虫害较少,主要防治幼穗轴腐病,白腐病,褐斑病等,可在芽前喷施3-5波美度石硫合剂,花前,花后用金力士6000倍或纳米欣3000-4000倍交替使用,每10-15天喷施1次,连喷2-4次。
6月以后以好劳力或安民乐交替使用,或500-600倍多菌灵防治霜霉病,白粉病,黑痘病,每10天喷1次,解除棚膜后,参照露地葡萄进行栽培管理。

扩展资料
葡萄的营养成分葡萄不仅味美可口,而且营养价值很高。成熟的浆果中葡萄含糖量高达10%-30%,以葡萄糖为主。葡萄中的多种果酸有助于消化,适当多吃些葡萄,能健睥和胃。葡萄中含有矿物质钙、钾、磷、铁以及多种维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素C和维生素P等,还含有多种人体所需的氨基酸。
葡萄酒是以葡萄为原料的最重要加工品。葡萄酒因其文化内涵而成为一种高品位的消费品。在中国,其消费量呈直线上升。另外,新开发的葡萄籽油,在国外被用作婴儿和老年人高级营养油、高空作业者和飞行人员的高级保健油,并颇受世人关注。
与其他果品相比,葡萄产品多样性要丰富得多。人们根据生活需要、加工品的贮运性要求、营养保健作用等因素,还将葡萄加工成葡萄干、葡萄汁、葡萄籽饮料、葡萄籽油等常见产品。
参考资料来源:百度百科-葡萄栽培技术
参考资料来源:百度百科-葡萄
葡萄的结果枝在开花前后生长发育非常迅速,树体的营养生长需要大量营养,而此时正值花器的进一步分化和临开花期,树体的生殖生长也需要大量的营养。如果放任新梢的生长,势必会造成营养生长与生殖生长之间的营养竞争加剧,从而影响开花坐果,加剧落花落果。因此,通过开花前摘心可暂时抑制顶端生长使营养较多地进入花序,促进花序发育,增加坐果从而减少落花落果。
摘心时期与方法结果枝摘心的早晚、轻重随品种、树势不同而异。一般对巨峰系列品种或窄易落花落果的品种在始花前3~5天到始花期(约5%花蕾墅放)进行。每梢在花序上留5~8片叶摘心,树梢可以适当少留几片叶,弱梢可以多留叶片。
花前1周封巨峰葡萄采取重度摘心(花序上方3叶处摘心),虽有利于坐果及提,高果穗紧密度,但枝梢的生长及叶面积因摘心强度的加大而减小,致使单粒重和可溶性固形物含量下降,含酸量升高,果穗着色淡,品质下降,次年抽生结果枝数少,生长弱,结果系数低,势必对该年的产量和品质产生不利影响。
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