推荐回答(5个)
祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第—、三人称祈使句两大类。
(1)第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令,提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来,而是以动词原形开头。如:
Stand up!
Don’t worry about!
但如果说话时有多人在场,就得把主语表示出来,或加呼语,以便指明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。如:
Parents with children go the front! 带孩子的家长到前面去!
Mary clean the windows,and you boys wash the floor! 玛丽擦窗户,你们男孩子洗地板!
Come in,everybody! 每个人都进来!
有时将主语表示出来是为了加强语气或表示“不高兴”、“厌烦”、“鄙视”等情绪。如:
Don’t you be late again! 你可别再迟到了!
You get out of here! 你给我滚出去!
Mind your own business,you! 你少管闲事!
(2)第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称和第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象,这类祈使句通常以let为引导词表建议。如:
Let’s go! Let us go home!Let him be here by 10 o’clock.
祈使句除用谓语动词表示外,还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。如:
Help!
Patience!
Quickly!
Hands up! 祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加do。如:
Do be careful!
Do Stop talking!
Do give my regards to your parents!务必/一定代我向你父母问好!
祈使句的否定形式在整个结构之前加don’t或never(never的语气比don't更强烈)。如:
Don'tanswer the phone while driving. 不要在开车的时候接电话。
Never answer the phone while driving. 决不在开车的时候接电话。
你不要紧张!以let为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Let’s或Let us/me后加not。如:
Let’s not waste our time arguing about it!咱们别浪费时间争论这事了!
Let’s not say anything about it! 这事咱们谁也别说!
但英式英语也用这样的表达:Don’t let’s say anything about it (1)祈使句的反意疑问部分为肯定形式,要用shall,will。如:
Pass me the book,will you?
(2)Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句,反意疑问句为“Shall we?”。如:
Let’s go for a walk,shall we?
Let’s forget it,shall we?
(3)Let me和Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句,反意疑问句为“will you?”。如:
Let us go for a walk,will you?
(4)其它行为动词引起的祈使句,无论其陈述部分是否定还是肯定的祈使句,多用“will you?”,表一种客气的语气。如:
Listen to me,will you?Don’t tell anyone about it,will you?
但在肯定的祈使句后有时也用“won’t you?”表“提醒对方注意”或表“邀请”。如:
Have a cup of coffee,won’t you?
Come in and take a seat,won’t you/will you?
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用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。 祈使句就是要求对方做某事的句子。
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例句:
Go and wash your hands.(去洗你的手。--命令)
Be quiet,please.(Please be quiet.)(请安静。--请求)
Be kind to our sister.(对姊妹要和善。--劝告)
Watch your steps.(走路小心。--警告)
Look out!Danger!(小心!危险!--强烈警告,已如感叹句)
Keep off the grass.(勿践草坪。--禁止)
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组成:
①:动词原形+其他
②:Please+动词原形+其他
③:don't/never+动词原形
祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用感叹号来表示结束。
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肯定结构:
Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way,please. = Go this way,please. 请这边走。
Be型(即:Be +表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
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否定结构:
Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成:如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我!Don't make such a noise.不要这么吵。Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!(是系表结构--也就是没有行为动词但是有形容词的那种--就可以使用Don't be,有行为动词的就不能这么用,只能用Don't。)
Let型的否定式有两种:"Don't + let +宾语+动词原形+ 其它成分"和"Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分"。如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。 祈使句就是要求对方做某事的句子。
例句:
Go and wash your hands.(去洗你的手。--命令)
Be quiet,please.(Please be quiet.)(请安静。--请求)
Be kind to our sister.(对姊妹要和善。--劝告)
Watch your steps.(走路小心。--警告)
Look out!Danger!(小心!危险!--强烈警告,已如感叹句)
Keep off the grass.(勿践草坪。--禁止)
组成:
①:动词原形+其他
②:Please+动词原形+其他
③:don't/never+动词原形
祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用感叹号来表示结束。
肯定结构:
Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way,please. = Go this way,please. 请这边走。
Be型(即:Be +表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
否定结构:
Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成:如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我!Don't make such a noise.不要这么吵。Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!(是系表结构--也就是没有行为动词但是有形容词的那种--就可以使用Don't be,有行为动词的就不能这么用,只能用Don't。)
Let型的否定式有两种:"Don't + let +宾语+动词原形+ 其它成分"和"Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分"。如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
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