推荐回答(3个)
青光眼是一种严重的的不可逆性致盲眼病,这是它最可怕的地方。因此不少青光眼患者都会过分忧虑害怕自己会再也看不见,终日就乖乖待在家里睡觉,觉得减少用眼就能挽留逐渐丢失的视力。
虽然青光眼所造成的视神经损伤是不可恢复的,但是可以通过治疗来控制盒延缓疾病的发展,使患者在有生之年保留有用的视力。
青光眼是慢性病,大家要学会用喜欢的生活方式与青光眼共存。
通过治疗一般能有效控制眼压的波动在安全范围,青光眼患者如果能定期检查监测眼部情况能有效的预防病情的加剧。这个监测过程是终身的,所以青光眼可以被当做如高血压病一样的慢性病。
很多患者觉得患病后很多兴趣爱好都不能再继续。例如很爱打麻将的张大妈自从患了青光眼之后一次麻将都没打过,每次只能偷偷的看街坊邻里打麻将,害怕被子女看到回家后惹来一顿思想教育工作。葛坚教授强调说,适当的看电视、打麻将、喝酒、运动都是可以。在自己的生活习惯上注意用眼卫生,定期复查即可。以下为青光眼患者日常护理中不可忽视的问题:
(1)一次饮水量不要超过500ml青光眼患者饮水宜少量多次。青光眼患者对水的负荷能力比正常人弱得多。正常人一口气喝500ml水,眼压可能上升3~5mmHg,但青光眼患者可能上升6~8mmHg,容易引发急性青光眼。而且患者每天的眼压负担会很重,影响药物的治疗效果。因此青光眼患者不能一次大量进水,而是应该分成多次饮用。
(2)青光眼患者慎用止痛药
青光眼患者、高危人群应慎用止痛药。在临床上,常用的止痛药有阿托品、东莨菪碱等。患者在服用这些药物时一定要慎重,因为它们除了能解痉止痛之外,还具有散大瞳孔、使眼内压升高的作用,服用后极有可能诱发或加重青光眼的症状。青光眼患者在就诊时,要主动告诉医生自己曾患有青光眼,以免在用药时引起眼压的升高,诱发青光眼的发作。
(3)晚期青光眼患者坐飞机要警惕
飞机现在已经作为人们生活中重要的出行工具,葛坚教授提醒,晚期青光眼患者乘坐飞机要警惕眼压的升高。飞机在起飞与降落的瞬间可引起眼压的升高,普通人对于这微小的眼压变动影响不大,但是晚期青光眼患者可能会因为突然眼压升高而导致失明,因此晚期青光眼患者搭乘飞机需要多留心眼。
(4)气温、情绪波动易加剧青光眼
情绪变化后,会引起人体血压的波动。有研究表明血压与眼压密切相关,血液收缩压为100mmHg的患者眼压约为8mmHg,但是如果收缩压升高为140mmHg的眼压升高了一倍约为16mmHg,微小的眼压升高容易使青光眼发作。另外,情绪波动很容易影响自主神经调节,导致房角关闭房水排出受抑制而使眼压升高。
(5)青光眼患者不宜常弯腰
青光眼患者不要常弯腰、低头、屏气,因为在低头、弯腰时会腹压增加,引起眼静脉回流障碍及视网膜中央静脉压力增加造成眼压升高。此外还需注意,用力咳嗽、便秘、呕吐的时候也同样引起腹压增高。
青光眼是一种多因素的疾病,种族,年龄,近视眼,青光眼家族史,视神经供血不足等因素都有可能是青光眼的发病因素
日常护理:青光眼患者要保持精神愉快,生活要有规律,避免情绪波动。注意劳逸结合,尽量减少急性发作机会。患者不要在暗室或暗环境中久留, 以免瞳孔散大,虹膜组织增厚或向边缘部分拥挤,眼压升高。
饮食调理:饮食宜进食易消化、清淡、营养丰富的软食,多吃含粗纤维的食物,如蔬菜、水果等,促进肠蠕动,保持排便通畅,避免刺激性食物。
其他注意:患者定期到医院复查眼压、眼底、视野及视力等。
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