食品中水分的测定有哪些方法?直接干燥法测定水分的原理是什么
推荐回答(3个)
本标准适用于各类食品中水分含量的测定。第一法 直接干燥法 1 原理食品中的水分一般是指在100℃左右直接干燥的情况下,所失去物质的总量。直接干燥法适用于在95~105℃下,不含或含其他挥发性物质甚微的食品。 2 试剂 2.1 6N盐酸:量取100ml盐酸,加水稀释至200ml。 2.2 6N氢氧化钠溶液:称取24g氢氧化钠,加水溶解并稀释至100ml。 2.3 海砂:取用水洗去泥土的海砂或河砂,先用6N盐酸煮沸0.5h,用水洗至中性,再用6N氢氧化钠溶液煮沸0.5h,用水洗至中性,经105℃干燥备用。 3 操作方法 3.1 固体样品:取洁净铝制或玻璃制的扁形称量瓶,置于95~105℃干燥箱中,瓶盖斜支于瓶边,加热0.5~1.0h,取出盖好,置干燥器内冷却0.5h,称量,并重复干燥至恒量。称取2.00~10.0g切碎或磨细的样品,放入此称量瓶中,样品厚度约为5mm。加盖,精密称量后,置95~105℃干燥箱中,瓶盖斜支于瓶边,干燥2~4h后,盖好取出,放入干燥器内冷却0.5h后称量。然后再放入95~105℃干燥箱中干燥1h左右,取出,放干燥器内冷却0.5h后再称量。至前后两次质量差不超过2mg,即为恒量。 3.2 半固体或液体样品:取洁净的蒸发皿,内加10.0g海砂及一根小玻棒,置于95~105℃干燥箱中,干燥0.5~1.0h后取出,放入干燥器内冷却0.5h后称量,并重复干燥至恒量。然后精密称取5~10g样品,置于蒸发皿中,用小玻棒搅匀放在沸水浴上蒸干,并随时搅拌,擦去皿底的水滴,置95~105℃干燥箱中干燥4h后盖好取出,放入干燥器内冷却0.5h后称量。以下按3.1自“然后再放入95~105℃干燥箱中干燥1h左右”起依法操作。 3.3 计算 式中:X1——样品中水分的含量,%; m1——称量瓶(或蒸发皿加海砂、玻棒)和样品的质量,g; m2——称量瓶(或蒸发皿加海砂、玻棒)和样品干燥后的质量,g; m3——称量瓶(或蒸发皿加海砂、玻棒)的质量,g。第二法 减压干燥法 4 原理食品中的水分指在一定的温度及压力的情况下失去物质的总量,适用于含糖、味精等易分解的食品。 5 仪器真空干燥箱。 6 操作方法按第3章要求称取样品,放入真空干燥箱内,将干燥箱连接水泵,抽出干燥箱内空气至所需压力(一般为300~400mmHg),并同时加热至所需温度(50~60℃)。关闭通水泵或真空泵上的活塞,停止抽气,使干燥箱内保持一定的温度和压力,经一定时间后,打开活塞,使空气经干燥装置缓缓通入至干燥箱内,待压力恢复正常后再打开。取出称量瓶,放入干燥器中0.5h后称量,并重复以上操作至恒量。 7 计算同3.3。第三法 蒸馏法 8 原理食品中的水分与甲苯或二甲苯共同蒸出,收集馏出液于接收管内,根据体积计算含量。适用于含较多其他挥发性物质的食品,如油脂、香辛料等。 9 试剂甲苯或二甲苯:取甲苯或二甲苯,先以水饱和后,分去水层,进行蒸馏,收集馏出液备用。 10 仪器水分测定器:如图所示。 11 操作方法称取适量样品(估计含水2~5ml),放入250ml锥形瓶中,加入新蒸馏的甲苯(或二甲苯)75ml,连接冷凝管与水分接收管,从冷凝管顶端注入甲苯,装满水分接收管。加热慢慢蒸馏,使每秒钟得馏出液两滴,待大部分水分蒸出后,加速蒸馏约每秒钟4滴,当水分全部蒸出后,接收管内的水分体积不再增加时,从冷凝管顶端加入甲苯冲洗。如冷凝管壁附有水滴,可用附有小橡皮头的铜丝擦下,再蒸馏片刻至接收管上部及冷凝管壁无水滴附着为止,读取接收管水层的容积。(图略) 12 计算 式中:X2——样品中水分的含量,ml/100g; V——接收管内水的体积,ml; m4——样品的质量,g。附加说明:本标准由全国卫生标准技术委员会食品卫生标准分委员会提出,由卫生部食品卫生监督检验所归口。本标准由卫生部食品卫生监督检验所负责起草。
直接干燥法测定水分的原理干燥失重前后重量的对比,这个本身就是一种标准,常用 的标准是红外冠亚水分仪检测法。
食品中水分的测定方法有,干燥失重、快速法,直接干燥测定水分的原理你可以问问深圳艾格瑞水分仪,他们可以帮助你
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