孔雀石的主要成分为CuCO 3 ?Cu(OH) 2 ,某同学设计从孔雀石中冶炼铜的方案如下:(1)方案1:将它与焦

2025-03-16 06:52:45
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)①孔雀石受热发生分CuCO 3 ?Cu(OH) 2
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2CuO+CO 2 ↑+H 2 O,由CuO炼铜,用焦炭还原发生:2CuO+C
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2Cu+CO 2 ↑焦炭的化合价升高,是还原剂,故答案为:焦炭;
②由关系式CuCO 3 ?Cu(OH) 2 ~C,可知CuCO 3 ?Cu(OH) 2 与焦炭物质的量之比1:1,故答案为:1:1;
(2)①孔雀石与稀硫酸反应:CuCO 3 ?Cu(OH) 2 +4H 2 SO 4 =2CuSO 4 +CO 2 ↑+3H 2 O,稀硫酸过量,向滤液中加入铁粉,CuSO 4 和H 2 SO 4 都能与铁粉反应:CuSO 4 +Fe=Cu+FeSO 4 ,H 2 SO 4 +Fe=H 2 ↑+FeSO 4 ,与铁粉反应的离子有Cu 2+ 、H +
故答案为:Cu 2+ 、H +
②孔雀石与稀硫酸反应:CuCO 3 ?Cu(OH) 2 +4H 2 SO 4 =2CuSO 4 +CO 2 ↑+3H 2 O,稀硫酸过量,现象粉末逐渐溶解,溶液变为蓝色,向滤液中加入铁粉,CuSO 4 和H 2 SO 4 都能与铁粉反应:CuSO 4 +Fe=Cu+FeSO 4 ,H 2 SO 4 +Fe=H 2 ↑+FeSO 4 ,现象为:有气泡生成,出现红色金属,
故答案为:蓝色溶液逐渐变为浅绿色,黑色粉末逐渐减少,有气泡生成,出现红色金属;
③孔雀石与稀硫酸反应:CuCO 3 ?Cu(OH) 2 +4H 2 SO 4 =2CuSO 4 +CO 2 ↑+3H 2 O,离子方程式为:CuCO 3 ?Cu(OH) 2 +4 H + =2Cu 2+ +CO 2 ↑+3H 2 O,
故答案为:CuCO 3 ?Cu(OH) 2 +4 H + =2Cu 2+ +CO 2 ↑+3H 2 O;
Ⅱ:①碘遇淀粉变蓝色,故选择淀粉作指示剂,当溶液由蓝色变为无色,且半分钟颜色不再变化说明滴定到达终点,故答案为:无;
 ②Cu 2+ ~S 2 O 3 2
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  n(Cu 2+ )      2.0×10 -3 mol/L×V×10 -3 L.
n(Cu 2+ )=2.0×10 -6 Vmol;铜的质量2.0×10 -6 Vmol×64g/mol=1.28×10 -6 Vg,由于mg孔雀石,加过量的稀硫酸将其溶解,过滤,将滤液分成两等份,所以一份滤液中含有
mg
2
孔雀石,所以测得孔雀石中铜的质量分数是
1.28×1 0 -6 Vg
mg
2
×100%=2.56×10 -4 V/m,
故答案为:2.56×10 -4 V/m.

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