高山植物有哪些特征?

2025-04-07 04:00:24
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

具有代表性的高山植物:垫状植物、苔状蚤缀、雪莲等。

由于高山的特殊的地理环境,在高山上的植物生长着一种体积矮小,茎叶多毛,有的匍匐着生长或者是像垫子一样铺在地上的植物,这样就形成了所谓的“垫状植物”,这种植物是适应的高山环境的典型形状之一,这些植物一般也是生长在海拔约为4500米~5000米的高山地区。

苔状蚤缀也是高山植物之一,它高3厘米~5厘米,即使是高的也超不过10厘米。这种植物是贴在地表上生长,能抵御大风的吹刮和冷风的侵袭。它生长缓慢、叶子细小的特征也成了它能够适应高山缺水的恶劣环境的优势。

雪莲也是一种极具代表性的高山植物,雪莲的全身都长满了白毛,生长在海拔为4800米~5500米的高山寒冻风化带。雪莲的身上生着厚厚的绒毛,可以抵御风寒,还能保持自身的体温,又有反射阳光辐射的功能,这也是它面对高山恶劣环境的一种独特的适应能力。

除了这些植物,还有大多数的高山植物有着粗壮而坚韧的根系,在高山缺水的环境下,它们常穿插在岩石的裂缝中西区水分和养分,以适应高山恶劣环境下的生长需求。

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