请问<雍正王朝>中的"阿其那","塞思黑"是什么意思?
推荐回答（1个）
摘自《雍正写真》 雍正四年三月初四日皇帝降旨对宗人府的官员： 尔等乘便行文楚宗，将允禟之名并伊子孙之名，著伊自身书写，告之楚宗，令楚宗报於尓旗。允禩之名及允禩之子之名，亦著允禩自身书写，编入佐领。 八天之後，王大臣等向皇帝回报： 遵旨将允禩改名之処，询问允禩。允禩自改名为阿其那，改伊子弘旺名为菩萨保。 由於允禟是在押送囘京途中，改名的事直到五月十四日皇帝才得到王大臣的奏报： 允禟改名，所拟字样，存心奸巧，殊属不法，应发令拟改。 雍正看了大臣的报告之後，认为若令允禟自改，他必定[又多奸诈]，所以皇帝就命令诚亲王与恒亲王为他改名，後来允禟就被改名为塞思黑了。 …… “阿其那”与“塞思黑”究竟什什麽意思呢？由於在目前所见的满洲词汇里这两个字都词义不明，乃由专家做成了不同的解释。不过从清宫档案中大略知道他们所改用的新名字是[恶名]，也就是不雅或不含好意义的，更谈不上寓意吉祥等等的了。 自从清代以来，就有人把[阿其那]与[塞思黑]分别解释为[狗]与[猪]，甚至後来更有人引申其意为[疯狗]与[苯猪]的。这可能是受到当年康熙斥责允禩等人[形同狗彘]一语影响。同样的，雍正也骂过允禟[乃系痴肥臃肿、矫揉妄作、粗率狂谬、卑污无耻之人]。[狗彘]与[痴肥臃肿]不正是[疯狗]与[笨猪]的好注脚吗？ 然而近年以来，满语专家辈出，[阿其那]与[塞思黑]的解释乃进入语言学的研究领域了，不再是一些主观的联想了。先以[阿其那]一词作一说明： [阿其那]一词多年来大家把它拼写成满洲语Acina，可能是早已有学者解做[狗]意，专家们也向[狗]意上去申论。例如玉麟先生认为：满文acina是口语，它的词根是[阿其]、[爱其]，原是[走吧]、[去吧]之意，[那]是加添的尾音。[阿其那]连起来含有对莫人莫事有讨厌舆轻视之意，像斥令某一对象叫他：[走吧！]、[去吧！] 他又说：满族人家养狗看门，狗有腥味，当狗进入门内时，主人常令他[出去]、[走]，满语发音为[爱其]，所以[雍正帝把允禩改名为阿其那，就是把他比著狗，像厌恶的狗似的赶出去之意]。 另有富丽女士则说：满语[驮]的动词是acimbi，aci是词根，若变成命令式[去驮]就是acina了，所以她的结论是：雍正勒令皇八子允禩改名为阿其那，显然是命令他像牲口那样[去驮]，其引申义不啻是骂允禩为[畜生]。 然而台湾海峡两岸珍藏的满文书档陆续公诸於世了，专家们才发现[阿其那]这一词在满文书档中不是写作acina， 而是写成akina的，[ki]音没有汉语的对译字，因而早年清代汉字官书中写作[其]字音了。这一发现，当然给[阿其那]一字带来了新意义。 沈原先生的看法是：从满洲人家的传统来说，他们把狗看成是忠诚的象徵，在清代不少人名中，凡是与狗有关的，如[[殷达浑]、[台哈]、[喀尔札]等等，都没有贬义。再说允禩是自己改名的，臭骂自己的可能也不大，而且从他儿子弘旺改名为[菩萨保]看来，显然有无奈而做祈求的意味。他从满文词书中发现了akina这个字与akiya（昂刺鱼）或akiyan（夹冰鱼）等字有关，允禩表示自己是东北冰原上的一种鱼，夹在冻层中冻死了，颇有[俎上之鱼]，任听雍正宰割之意。他给弘旺改名[菩萨保]，则是祈求雍正能像菩萨一样的大慈大悲，保佑弘旺，免其一死。 至於[塞思黑]一词，富丽女士的说法是：满语[塞思黑](Seshe)是动词seshembi的命令式，即令某人[抖落]或[厌恶]之意。[雍正更此名，本为辱骂允禟是“讨厌鬼”]。 摘自新浪爱问回答者 老板桌 的回答
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