汉武帝采取什么措施削弱诸侯王封国势力

汉武帝采取什么措施削弱诸侯王封国势力
2025-03-12 01:44:40
推荐回答(5个)
回答1:

“推恩令”,据《史记·平津侯主父列传》载:主父“偃说上(武帝——引者)曰:‘古者诸侯不过百里,强弱之形易制。今诸侯或连城数十,地方千里,缓则骄奢易为淫乱,急则阻其强而合从以逆京师。今以法割削之,则逆节萌起,前日晁错是也。今诸侯子弟或十数,而适嗣代立,余虽骨肉,无尺寸之地封,则仁孝之道不宣。愿陛下令诸侯推恩分子弟,以地侯之。彼人人喜得所愿,上以德施,实分其国,不削而稍弱矣。’于是上从其计”。《史记·建元以来王子侯者年表序》载:武帝“制诏御史:‘诸侯王或欲推恩分子弟邑者,令各条上,朕且临定其名号。’”《汉书·武帝纪》载:元朔二年,“春正月,诏曰:‘梁王、城阳王亲慈同生,愿以邑分弟,其许之。诸侯王请与子弟邑者,朕将亲览,使有列位焉。’于是藩国始分,而子弟毕侯矣。”《汉书·景十三王传·中山靖王刘胜》中说得更清楚:武帝“用主父偃谋,令诸侯以私恩裂地,分其子弟,而汉为定制封号,辙别属汉郡。汉有厚恩,而诸侯地稍自分析弱小云”。 推恩令是汉朝汉武帝时期推行的一个旨在减少诸侯的封地,削弱诸侯王势力范围的一项重要法令。主要内容是将过去由诸侯王只能把封地和爵位传给嫡长子的情况,允许诸侯王把封地分为几部分传给几个儿子,形成直属于中央政权的侯国。 汉初,诸侯王的爵位,封地都是由嫡长子单独继承的,其他庶出的子孙得不到尺寸之地。虽然文景两代采取了一定的削藩措施,但是到汉武帝初年,“诸侯或连城数十,地方千里,缓则骄,易为淫乱;急则阻其强而合从,谋以逆京师”,严重威胁着汉朝的中央集权。因此公元前127年正月,武帝采纳主父偃的建议,颁行“推恩令”。推恩令吸取了晁错削藩令引起七国之乱的教训,规定诸侯王除以嫡长子继承王位外,其余诸子在原封国内封侯,新封侯国不再受王国管辖,直接由各郡来管理,地位相当于县。这使得诸侯王国名义上没有进行任何的削蕃,避免激起诸侯王武装反抗的可能。于是“藩国始分,而子弟毕侯矣”,导致封国越分越小,势力大为削弱,从此“大国不过十余城,小侯不过十余里”。 §汉武帝措施:建中朝,设刺史,推恩令§汉武帝能解决王国问题的原因:景帝削藩奠定了基础,汉武帝时国家实力强大,其措施行之有效。

回答2:

西汉自文、景两代起,如何限制和削弱日益膨胀的诸侯王势力,一直是封建皇帝面临的严重问题。文帝时,贾谊鉴于淮南王、济北王的谋逆,曾提出“众建诸侯而少其力”的建议。文帝在一定程度上接受了这一建议,但没有完全解决问题。汉景帝即位后,采纳晁错的建议削藩,结果吴楚七国以武装叛乱相对抗(见西汉七国之乱)。景帝迅速平定了叛乱,并采取一系列相应的措施,使诸侯王的势力受到很大的削弱。
但至武帝初年,一些大国仍然连城数十,地方千里,骄奢淫逸 ,阻众抗命 ,威胁着中央集权的巩固 。因此 ,元朔二年( 前127),主父偃上书武帝,建议令诸侯推私恩分封子弟为列侯。这样,名义是上施德惠,实际上是剖分其国以削弱诸侯王的势力。这一建议既迎合了武帝巩固专制主义中央集权的需要,又避免激起诸侯王武装反抗的可能,因此立即为武帝所采纳。同年春正月,武帝颁布推恩令。推恩令下达后,诸侯王的支庶多得以受封为列侯,不少王国也先后分为若干侯国。按照汉制,侯国隶属于郡,地位与县相当。因此,王国析为侯国,就是王国的缩小和朝廷直辖土地的扩大。这样,汉朝廷不行黜陟,而藩国自析。其后,王国辖地仅有数县,彻底解决王国问题

回答3:

“推恩令”,就是说一个王国的王爷死了,不仅他的长子可以继承王位,他的其他儿子也可以封为王侯,从而把一个王国分为几块,越分越小,这样他们就没有力量同中央对抗了!

回答4:

推恩令和附益之法。
推恩令:规定诸侯王死后,嫡长子继承王位,其他子弟分割王国部分土地为列侯,列侯桂归郡统辖。结果王国越分越小。
附益之法:不许诸侯王招结宾客,限制诸侯王的活动,诸侯王只能衣食租税,不得参与政事。

回答5:

推恩令就是变相的讲诸侯的实力削弱啊。

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