化工原理精馏塔设计到底怎么做啊 把步骤发下啦~谢谢
推荐回答(1个)
例子
筛 板 式 精 馏 塔 设 计 报 告
一、设计任务:
要精馏分离的混合物为:苯-甲苯
原料液组成为 xf= 54.1200 %(摩尔)
塔顶产品产量 D = 108.20 kmol/h (每小时 108.20千摩尔)
塔顶产品组成 xd= 95.7300 %(摩尔)
塔底残液组成 xw= 3.5200 %(摩尔)(以间接蒸汽加热计)
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二、物料衡算:
设计者选取的D、Xd、Xf、Xw见以上“设计任务”
可计算出:
若按间接蒸汽加热计, 则由以下物料平衡关系式:
F = D + W
FXf= DXd+WXw
可计算得:
原料液量 F = 197.18 kmol/h
塔底产品产量 W = 88.98 kmol/h
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三、塔板数的确定:
设计时选取:
实际回流比是最小回流比的 1.60倍,进料液相分率q= 1.00,
此时,最小回流比 Rmin= 1.02
实际回流比 R= 1.60* 1.02= 1.63
理论板数N =12.4, 其中,精馏段N1 = 5.2, 提馏段N2 = 7.3
由平均黏度、相对挥发度μav, αav, 可算得全塔效率 Et = 0.5946
实际板数Ne= 22, 其中,精馏段Ne1= 9, 提馏段Ne2= 13
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四、塔径的确定:
可由板间距 Ht 和 (Vl/Vg)(ρl/ρg)^0.5
确定气液负荷参数C, 从而求得液泛气速Uf=C ?[(ρl-ρg)/ ρg]^0.5,
最后根据塔内气体流通面积A=Vg/U=Vg/[(0.6---0.9)Uf]估算塔径D, 再圆整之。
按精馏段首、末板,提馏段首、末板算得的塔径分别为:
1.620米、1.663米, 1.731米、1.807米
程序自动圆整(或手工强行调整)后的塔径为:
---1800.0毫米,即 1.800米---
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五、塔板和降液管结构设计:
堰长与塔径之比Lw/D= 0.70
堰长 Lw= 1 mm
塔径 D = 1800 mm
安定区宽度 Ws= 75 mm
开孔区至塔壁距离Wc= 50 mm
孔径 do= 5 mm
孔中心距 t = 15 mm
堰高 hw= 50 mm
降液管底隙高度 hd'= 40 mm
塔板厚度 tp= 4 mm
板间距 Ht= 450 mm
以上为选定[调整]值; 以下为计算值:
计算孔数 n= 9111
塔截面积 A= 2544690 mm^2
降液管截面积 Ad= 223155 mm^2
有效截面积 An= 2321535 mm^2
工作区面积 Aa= 2098380 mm^2
开孔区面积 Aa'= 1775172 mm^2
总开孔面积 Ao= 178898 mm^2
Ad/A= 0.0877
An/A= 0.8246
Ao/Aa'= 0.1008
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六、流体力学校核:
精馏段首板:
单板压降 ΔHt=ho+he=ho+β(hw+how)= 0.08m清液柱
要求各板总压降 ∑(ΔHt)<0.3 atm
堰上液头how=0.0028Fw(Vl'/Lw)^(2/3)=0.01645m
为流动稳定,要求how>0.006m, 如实在达不到此要求则用齿形堰。
液沫夹带率 ψ=0.0611
要求,ψ〈0.1 (0.15)
降液管内泡沫层高度Hd'=ΔHt+(hw+how)+hd= 0.30m
要求 Hd'液体在降液管内平均停留时间τ=Hd*Ad/Vl= 7.02秒
要求, τ> 3 至 5 秒, 以防止气体随液体带入下层塔板
实际孔速与漏液时孔速之比Uo/Uomin=12.87/ 6.87=1.873
Uo必须大于Uo(即比值>1)。要求该比值最好 > 1.5,以免漏液过量
精馏段末板:
单板压降(气体) ΔHt= 0.09m清液柱
要求各板总压降 ∑(ΔHt)<0.3 atm
堰上液层高度 how=0.01740m
为流动稳定,要求how>0.006m, 如实在达不到此要求则用齿形堰。
液沫夹带率 ψ=0.0737
要求,ψ〈0.1 (0.15)
降液管泡沫层高度 Hd'= 0.31m
要求 Hd'液体在降液管内停留时间 τ= 6.69秒
要求, τ> 3 至 5 秒, 以防止气体随液体带入下层塔板
孔速与漏液孔速之比Uo/Uomin=13.21/ 6.81=1.939
要求该比值最好 > 1.5, 否则可导致漏液过量
提馏段首板:
单板压降(气体) ΔHt= 0.10m清液柱
要求各板总压降 ∑(ΔHt)<0.3 atm
堰上液层高度 how=0.02945m
为流动稳定,要求how>0.006m, 如实在达不到此要求则用齿形堰。
液沫夹带率 ψ=0.0439
要求,ψ〈0.1 (0.15)
降液管泡沫层高度 Hd'= 0.36m
要求 Hd'液体在降液管内停留时间 τ= 3.62秒
要求, τ> 3 至 5 秒, 以防止气体随液体带入下层塔板
孔速与漏液孔速之比Uo/Uomin=13.28/ 7.20=1.845
要求该比值最好 > 1.5, 否则可导致漏液过量
提馏段末板:
单板压降(气体) ΔHt= 0.10m清液柱
要求各板总压降 ∑(ΔHt)<0.3 atm
堰上液层高度 how=0.03107m
为流动稳定,要求how>0.006m, 如实在达不到此要求则用齿形堰。
液沫夹带率 ψ=0.0542
要求,ψ〈0.1 (0.15)
降液管泡沫层高度 Hd'= 0.39m
要求 Hd'液体在降液管内停留时间 τ= 3.55秒
要求, τ> 3 至 5 秒, 以防止气体随液体带入下层塔板
孔速与漏液孔速之比Uo/Uomin=13.80/ 7.04=1.960
要求该比值 最好 > 1.5, 否则可导致漏液过量
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七、塔高:
塔高约11.7米
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