推荐回答(2个)
CCD和CMOS感光器件有什么区别?到底有多大?
CCD和CMOS感光器件的价格、成像质量有很大差别。如今的数码相机感光器组件主要有两种,一是CMOS传感器,其制造成本低但图像效果不算太好,特别夜间几乎无法拍摄到清晰的照片,一般都应用于低端几玩具级数码产品上,并且低端的CMOS感光器件在2年前已经在数码相机应用领域中淘汰。而另一种是CCD传感器,价格要比CMOS的高很多,但成像质量好,在目前在索尼、佳能等产品中被广泛应用,在同像素值下CCD传感器成像效果要远远优越于CMOS传感器(CMOS的成像质量远无法与CCD相比)。但由于CMOS传感器价格便宜继续被一些数码厂家在低端产品中选用,在宣传上利用老百姓对数码产品的不了解而大作文章号称600万甚至1000万象素有多便宜而误导消费者。因此在购买数码相机时,要注意一下实际传感器的类型,别被数字骗了。
CCD和CMOS感光器基本原理是什么?
•电荷耦合器件CCD(Charge Coupled Device):CCD是由为数众多的微小光电二极管及译码寻址电路构成的固态电子感光成像部件。光电二极管的排列方式有两种。一种是平面阵列,多个光电二极管排列成一个平面,同时感受光信号(色彩、强度等),工作原理与传统的胶卷相似,这种方式感光速度快,但造价高。另一种是条状阵列,多个光电二极管排列成一条直线,逐行进行感光成像,并逐行把光信号传输到数码相机的存储介质中,工作原理与扫描仪相似。这种方式感光时间长,但工艺简单,成像质量较高。
•互补金属氧化物半导体器件CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor):最近2年,CCD器件一直在数码相机的光敏元件中占有难以匹敌的优势。目前,CMOS器件在数码相机低级产品的应用上已基本满足了要求,在中高档产品上的应用则有待提高,存在的问题主要是:抗干扰性比CCD器件差一些,数字影像的质量与效果(解析度、色彩还原等)也不远如CCD器件。
所以消费级数码相机(高档专业相机机除外),CMOS的成像质量远无法与CCD相比,笔者建议消费者还是购买使用CCD感光器件的吧,这个领域CCD优势非常明显。
目前市场上销售的数码相机大多使用了索尼公司生产的CCD,如索尼、佳能、奥林巴斯等等;松下使用自产CCD。就家用机型来说CCD的个体差异近乎微妙,不必强求,在这三个参数中消费者应该主要关注CCD的有效像素。
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